Difficulty: Easy & Basic
What do picks per inch measure in woven construction?
A Warp density
B Weft density
C Loom width
D Yarn twist
Answer: B. Weft density. Picks per inch (PPI) expresses the number of weft insertions per inch of fabric length.
Ends per inch describe which fabric construction value?
A Weft density
B Fabric mass
C Loom speed
D Warp density
Answer: D. Warp density. Ends per inch (EPI) expresses warp-end density across the fabric width.
Which preparation arranges yarns into a parallel warp sheet?
A Sizing
B Drawing-in
C Warping
D Take-up
Answer: C. Warping. Warping assembles many parallel ends onto a beam for later weaving.
During sizing, what is the main purpose of the applied film?
A Reduce warp abrasion
B Increase weft twist
C Color the warp
D Shrink the fabric
Answer: A. Reduce warp abrasion. A uniform size coating protects warp yarns from repeated abrasion against neighbouring yarns and loom parts.
In drawing-in, each warp end passes through which pair?
A Pirn and shuttle race
B Heald eye and reed dent
C Backrest and cloth roll
D Temple and sley
Answer: B. Heald eye and reed dent. Drawing-in routes each warp end through its assigned heald eye and reed dent before weaving.
Which loom component provides the track for a shuttle’s travel?
A Warp beam
B Cloth roller
C Shuttle race
D Heald frame
Answer: C. Shuttle race. The shuttle race supports and guides the shuttle as it crosses the shed.
Why is a temple fitted near the fabric edges?
A Maintain fabric width
B Increase warp twist
C Feed the weft
D Lower loom speed
Answer: A. Maintain fabric width. A temple holds the fabric near its edges and helps prevent width loss during weaving.
Which plan shows how warp ends are assigned to heald shafts?
A Lifting plan
B Reed plan
C Warping chart
D Draft plan
Answer: D. Draft plan. The draft plan shows the order in which warp ends are threaded through the heald shafts.
A lifting plan records which heald frames are raised for what?
A Each warp beam
B Each pick
C Each pirn
D Each reed dent
Answer: B. Each pick. A lifting plan specifies which heald frames are raised or lowered for each pick.
Jacquard shedding is useful when a pattern needs control of what?
A Loom speed
B Cloth winding
C Individual warp ends
D Warp beam diameter
Answer: C. Individual warp ends. Jacquard mechanisms can control individual warp ends for complex woven patterns.
Dobby shedding typically controls which loom elements?
A Heald frames
B Shuttle boxes
C Cloth rollers
D Warp beams
Answer: A. Heald frames. A dobby selects heald frames to form sheds for patterns requiring more control than simple cam shedding.
Reed count commonly expresses what measurement?
A Picks per centimetre
B Ends per package
C Healds per shaft
D Dents per inch
Answer: D. Dents per inch. A reed count states the number of dents in a specified length, commonly dents per inch.
A basket weave is formed by grouping which yarns?
A Selvedge and fell
B Warp and weft ends
C Shuttle and pirn
D Reed and heald wires
Answer: B. Warp and weft ends. Basket structures interlace groups of warp ends and weft picks as units.
Leno weave helps prevent yarns from what?
A Changing colour
B Increasing twist
C Slipping out of place
D Breaking at the beam
Answer: C. Slipping out of place. In leno structures, paired warp ends cross around weft picks to help hold them in position.
How does a 2/2 twill interlace its yarns?
A One over, three under
B One over, one under
C Three over, one under
D Two over, two under
Answer: D. Two over, two under. A 2/2 twill repeats two warp-over-weft interlacings followed by two under interlacings.
Reading 40 EPI × 32 PPI gives what construction data?
A Warp and weft densities
B Yarn twist and count
C Loom speed and width
D Warp crimp and take-up
Answer: A. Warp and weft densities. EPI gives warp density and PPI gives weft density; the pair describes fabric construction.
At 20 PPI, how many picks lie across five inches?
A 25 picks
B 50 picks
C 80 picks
D 100 picks
Answer: D. 100 picks. Multiply pick density by length: 20 picks per inch × 5 inches = 100 picks.
If a loom inserts 120 picks per minute at 60 PPI, cloth advance is about what?
A 1 inch per minute
B 2 inches per minute
C 6 inches per minute
D 60 inches per minute
Answer: B. 2 inches per minute. Ignoring crimp and other adjustments, 120 picks per minute ÷ 60 picks per inch gives 2 inches per minute.
Which mechanism stops a loom when a pick is missing or broken?
A Warp stop-motion
B Temple motion
C Weft stop-motion
D Take-up motion
Answer: C. Weft stop-motion. A weft stop-motion detects a broken or missing weft pick and stops the loom before a faulty beat-up.
In an electrical warp stop-motion, a drop wire acts as what?
A Weft carrier
B Warp tensioner
C Reed support
D Circuit contact element
Answer: D. Circuit contact element. When a warp end breaks, the drop wire changes the electrical circuit state and activates the stop-motion.
At the loom rear, which part supports and guides the warp sheet?
A Backrest roller
B Shuttle race
C Cloth fell
D Temple
Answer: A. Backrest roller. The backrest supports the warp sheet and helps guide it toward the healds and shed.
Pirn winding prepares which package for shuttle looms?
A Warp beam from cones
B Weft package for shuttle
C Cloth roll for take-up
D Reed set for denting
Answer: B. Weft package for shuttle. Pirn winding transfers weft yarn from a larger package onto a pirn used inside a shuttle.
A warp-protecting motion guards against which event?
A Missing warp beam
B Broken cloth roller
C Shuttle trapped in shed
D Empty cloth roll
Answer: C. Shuttle trapped in shed. Warp-protecting motion stops the loom before beat-up if the shuttle becomes trapped in the shed.
Where does a conventional shuttle rest after crossing the shed?
A Shuttle box
B Heald eye
C Reed dent
D Backrest
Answer: A. Shuttle box. The shuttle is received and checked in a shuttle box at the end of its travel.
Why must the shed be sufficiently open during shuttle passage?
A Avoid warp interference
B Increase fabric weight
C Reduce pick density
D Change weave repeat
Answer: A. Avoid warp interference. An adequately open shed lets the shuttle pass without striking warp ends, reducing obstruction and breakage.