Which three primary actions form fabric on a conventional loom?
A Let-off, take-up, winding
B Shedding, picking, beat-up
C Warping, sizing, winding
D Dyeing, drying, printing
Answer: B. Shedding, picking, beat-up. Weaving requires shedding to open the warp, picking to insert weft, and beat-up to move the pick to the cloth fell.
Warp yarns run mainly in which fabric direction?
A Across cloth width
B Around fabric edge
C Through cloth thickness
D Along cloth length
Answer: D. Along cloth length. Warp ends run lengthwise in the fabric, parallel to its selvedges.
Which opening lets a pick pass between separated warp ends?
A Opening between warp ends
B Space below loom table
C Gap inside cloth roller
D Slot within reed dents
Answer: A. Opening between warp ends. Shedding separates warp ends into layers and creates an opening called the shed for weft insertion.
The motion that presses an inserted pick toward the cloth fell is called what?
A Picking
B Shedding
C Beat-up
D Let-off
Answer: C. Beat-up. Beat-up moves the newly inserted pick to the cloth fell, the boundary of the woven fabric.
Along the warp direction, what is the fabric’s finished edge called?
A Selvedge
B Pick line
C Cloth fell
D Warp stop
Answer: A. Selvedge. A selvedge is the finished edge of woven fabric, formed along the warp direction.
Beyond spacing warp ends, what role does the reed perform?
A Stores warp supply
B Guides shuttle motion
C Beats inserted picks
D Winds finished cloth
Answer: C. Beats inserted picks. The reed, mounted in the sley, beats each inserted pick into the fabric and spaces warp ends.
Where is prepared warp wound before entering a loom?
A Cloth roller
B Reed
C Heald frame
D Warp beam
Answer: D. Warp beam. The warp beam carries the prepared warp sheet and supplies it to the loom during weaving.
Compressed air identifies which shuttleless loom?
A Projectile loom
B Air-jet loom
C Rapier loom
D Shuttle loom
Answer: B. Air-jet loom. An air-jet loom uses a controlled air stream to propel the weft across the shed.
Rapier heads carry which yarn across the shed?
A Warp beam
B Loom shuttle
C Weft yarn
D Reed wire
Answer: C. Weft yarn. Rapier systems use a rigid or flexible rapier to carry the weft yarn across the shed.
Select the loom type that uses a water stream to insert weft.
A Water-jet loom
B Dobby loom
C Rapier loom
D Projectile loom
Answer: A. Water-jet loom. A water-jet loom inserts weft with a water stream and is commonly used with suitable hydrophobic yarns.
In loom terminology, picking refers to what operation?
A Warp feeding
B Cloth winding
C Shed formation
D Weft insertion
Answer: D. Weft insertion. Picking is the operation that transfers a weft pick across the shed.
Shedding divides warp ends to create which passage?
A Cloth roller path
B Warp-beam path
C The shed
D Shuttle race
Answer: C. The shed. The shed is the passage formed between warp groups for the inserted weft.
Which basic weave interlaces each end over one pick, then under the next?
A Satin weave
B Plain weave
C Pile weave
D Leno weave
Answer: B. Plain weave. Plain weave uses a regular over-one, under-one interlacement and is the simplest basic weave.
How many warp ends and picks form one basic plain-weave repeat?
A Two of each
B One of each
C Three ends, two picks
D Four of each
Answer: A. Successive weft yarns. A plain-weave repeat contains two warp ends and two picks.
Diagonal surface ribs are characteristic of which weave?
A Horizontal ribs
B Longitudinal loops
C Diagonal lines
D Circular wales
Answer: C. Diagonal lines. The regular offset interlacement in twill produces diagonal lines or ribs on the fabric surface.
Satin’s smooth surface is associated with which structural feature?
A Short interlacings
B Long floats
C Broken selvedges
D Raised pile tufts
Answer: B. Long floats. Satin structures use longer floats between interlacings, giving a smoother surface.
Let-off motion delivers what toward the weaving zone?
A Cloth roller speed
B Weft insertion rate
C Sley movement
D Warp sheet
Answer: D. Warp sheet. Let-off delivers warp from the warp beam at a controlled rate as weaving proceeds.
Take-up motion does what to the woven cloth?
A Winds cloth onto roller
B Winds warp onto beam
C Winds weft onto pirn
D Moves reed into shed
Answer: A. Winds cloth onto roller. Take-up withdraws the woven fabric and winds it onto the cloth roller.
Warp yarns are called what in fabric terminology?
A Picks
B Ends
C Dents
D Floats
Answer: B. Ends. Individual warp yarns are called ends; individual inserted weft yarns are called picks.
Filling is another name for which woven-fabric yarn?
A Warp ends
B Reed dents
C Heald wires
D Weft yarn
Answer: D. Weft yarn. Filling is another common term for the weft yarn in woven fabrics.
The reed is mounted on which moving loom assembly?
A Warp beam
B Inside shuttle
C The sley
D Cloth roller
Answer: C. The sley. The reed is held by the sley, which swings forward to beat up the inserted pick.
Why do heald frames move during each loom cycle?
A To create a shed
B To wind the cloth
C To feed the weft
D To move the reed
Answer: A. To create a shed. Heald frames raise or lower selected warp ends to create the shed for the next pick.
At the cloth fell, what joins the woven fabric?
A Warp beam
B Reed line
C Temple zone
D New pick
Answer: D. New pick. The cloth fell is the boundary where the newest pick is beaten into the woven cloth.
Traditional shuttle looms hold the weft package on what?
A Harness cords
B Air jets
C A pirn
D Reed wires
Answer: C. A pirn. A conventional shuttle carries a weft package, commonly a pirn, through the shed.
When a warp end breaks, which protective device can stop the loom?
A Weft fork
B Warp stop motion
C Temple pin
D Take-up motion
Answer: B. Warp stop motion. A warp stop-motion detects a broken end and stops the loom to limit fabric defects.