Difficulty: Easy & Basic
Which measure defines fibre fineness?
A Mass per unit length
B Length per unit mass
C Moisture per unit mass
D Breaking force only
Answer: A. Mass per unit length. Fibre fineness is commonly expressed as linear density: mass divided by length.
During spinning, which feature lets fibres overlap effectively?
A Fibre length
B Surface gloss
C Trash colour
D Dye shade
Answer: A. Fibre length. Adequate length provides overlap and cohesion during spinning.
Staple length in cotton is commonly reported in?
A Millimetres
B Revolutions
C Kilograms
D Degrees Celsius
Answer: A. Millimetres. Cotton fibre length is commonly expressed in millimetres.
Micronaire reading from cotton reflects what combination?
A Colour and trash
B Length and crimp
C Fineness and maturity
D Strength and lustre
Answer: C. Fineness and maturity. Micronaire responds to both fineness and maturity.
During tensile testing, which response is recorded?
A Force and extension
B Moisture and pH
C Length and mass
D Colour and luster
Answer: A. Force and extension. A tensile test measures load as the specimen extends toward break.
Tenacity normalizes breaking force by?
A Surface area
B Linear density
C Fibre length
D Moisture content
Answer: B. Linear density. Tenacity expresses breaking force relative to linear density.
Elongation at break describes extension when?
A Fibre is dyed
B Fibre breaks
C Sample is washed
D Yarn is twisted
Answer: B. Fibre breaks. Elongation at break is the extension measured at failure.
Fibre maturity in cotton mainly reflects growth of which layer?
A Secondary wall
B Seed coat
C Central lumen
D Primary cuticle
Answer: A. Secondary wall. Maturity reflects the extent of secondary-wall development.
The micronaire instrument uses which principle?
A Acoustic resonance
B Airflow resistance
C Ultraviolet fluorescence
D Magnetic attraction
Answer: B. Airflow resistance. The instrument relates airflow resistance through a fibre plug to micronaire.
How many fibres are clamped in a single-fibre tensile test?
A One fibre
B A whole bale
C A fabric sheet
D A yarn package
Answer: A. One fibre. A single-fibre test loads one selected fibre between clamps.
What type of specimen does a bundle-strength test load?
A Fabric layers
B Fibres together
C Yarn packages
D Dye baths
Answer: B. Fibres together. Bundle tests load many fibres together and report aggregate strength.
Coefficient of variation expresses what?
A Maximum length
B Absolute mass
C Relative variability
D Average colour
Answer: C. Relative variability. CV compares standard deviation with the mean, often as a percentage.
Why condition textile samples before testing?
A Increase fibre length
B Remove all crimp
C Stabilize moisture
D Change polymer type
Answer: C. Stabilize moisture. Conditioning brings moisture-sensitive samples toward a defined test atmosphere.
Moisture regain uses which denominator?
A Fibre length
B Breaking force
C Conditioned mass
D Oven-dry mass
Answer: D. Oven-dry mass. Regain is water mass divided by oven-dry mass.
In the moisture-content formula, what denominator is used?
A Gauge length
B Oven-dry mass
C Conditioned mass
D Linear density
Answer: C. Conditioned mass. Moisture content is water mass divided by total conditioned mass.
HVI strength testing pulls which specimen form?
A Single yarn loop
B Fabric square
C Loose dye bath
D Fibre bundle
Answer: D. Fibre bundle. HVI strength is measured on a prepared bundle of fibres.
For direct diameter measurement, which tool is suitable?
A Trash percentage
B Yarn twist
C Moisture regain
D Diameter
Answer: D. Diameter. Microscopic projection methods can determine fibre diameter.
AFIS can report which fibre defect?
A Loop length
B Dye fastness
C Neps and trash
D Seam slippage
Answer: C. Neps and trash. AFIS reports fibre length, maturity, trash and nep-related information.
In textile testing, how is a nep described?
A A polymer monomer
B Small fibre entanglement
C A yarn package
D A weave repeat
Answer: B. Small fibre entanglement. Neps are small entangled knots found among fibres.
Which term describes natural waviness along a fibre?
A Fibre fineness
B Fibre maturity
C Fibre lustre
D Fibre crimp
Answer: D. Fibre crimp. Crimp is the natural waviness along fibre length and affects bulk and cohesion.
CV percent is calculated from which ratio?
A Force over area
B Mean over range
C SD over mean
D Mass over length
Answer: C. SD over mean. CV is standard deviation divided by the mean, multiplied by 100.
Fibre aspect ratio compares length with?
A Fibre colour
B Fibre diameter
C Moisture content
D Twist level
Answer: B. Fibre diameter. Aspect ratio is a length-to-diameter comparison.
Which plant matter is classed as cotton trash?
A Dye molecules
B Non-lint plant matter
C Spinning oils
D Polymer crystals
Answer: B. Non-lint plant matter. Trash includes leaf, seed-coat and other non-lint foreign matter.
Replicating specimens helps achieve what?
A Remove all variation
B Increase moisture regain
C Change fibre maturity
D Reduce sampling error
Answer: D. Reduce sampling error. Replicate specimens make a lot estimate less dependent on one sample.
What does a fibre-length distribution reveal?
A Polymer chemistry
B Dye concentration
C Cross-section colour
D Spread of lengths
Answer: D. Spread of lengths. The distribution shows how fibre lengths vary within the sample.