During a wash fastness test, dye transfers to the adjacent cloth. Which scale rates the transfer?
A Gray scale for staining
B Gray scale for change
C Tensile force scale
D Fabric pilling scale
Answer: A. Gray scale for staining. The staining scale rates colour transferred to the adjacent cloth. A separate scale rates colour change of the original specimen.
Use an Elmendorf tester when the test requires which mechanism?
A Hydraulic diaphragm
B Rotating colour filter
C Reciprocating needle board
D Swinging pendulum
Answer: D. Swinging pendulum. The Elmendorf method uses a pendulum to propagate a prepared tear and measures the energy change.
Vertical wicking is measured by observing which feature over time?
A Liquid rise height
B Yarn tensile force
C Pill count
D Fabric twist angle
Answer: A. Liquid rise height. In a vertical wicking test, liquid climbs the vertically held specimen. Its rise height is measured at set times.
In wet crocking, which piece is prepared with a specified water pickup?
A White rubbing cloth
B Machine bed
C Drying rack
D Specimen grips
Answer: A. White rubbing cloth. The test rubs the coloured textile using a wetted white rubbing cloth prepared to the specified condition.
Comb sorting provides a distribution of what staple fibre property?
A Resistance to laundering
B Yarn loop density
C Fabric air flow
D Fibre length
Answer: D. Fibre length. The comb sorter separates fibres into length groups used to build a staple length distribution.
Strip and grab tensile methods differ directly in how which part is held?
A Test duration timer
B Test room humidity
C Specimen width
D Break force indicator
Answer: C. Specimen width. A strip test grips the full specimen width. Grab jaws clamp only a central portion of a wider specimen.
In a hydrostatic water resistance test, what is progressively increased?
A Water pressure
B Fabric twist
C Air velocity above specimen
D Water salinity
Answer: A. Water pressure. Increasing water pressure tests the ability of a fabric to resist water penetration.
If reporting colour difference from a standard, what does a larger ΞE generally indicate?
A Higher water resistance
B Better seam strength
C Larger colour difference
D Less mass variation
Answer: C. Larger colour difference. For the same colour difference formula and measurement conditions, larger ΞE means a larger numerical colour difference.
Cotton micronaire readings reflect a combination of which properties?
A Twist and hairiness
B Fibre length and shade
C Strength and elongation
D Fineness and maturity
Answer: D. Fineness and maturity. Micronaire is an airflow-based reading influenced by cotton fibre fineness and maturity.
To identify the chemical nature of an unknown synthetic fibre, which instrument can record a characteristic infrared spectrum?
A Yarn twist tester
B Crockmeter
C FTIR spectrometer
D Drape meter
Answer: C. FTIR spectrometer. FTIR measures infrared absorption bands associated with molecular groups and helps distinguish fibres.
After a fabric spray test, which visible effect determines the rating?
A Yarn twist loss
B Water vapour diffusion
C Surface wetting
D Internal burst force
Answer: C. Surface wetting. A spray rating describes how much the exposed fabric surface wets in the prescribed spray test.
Why should a test machine be calibrated with reference values?
A Increase its test load
B Check measurement accuracy
C Improve the fabric colour
D Change the sample lot
Answer: B. Check measurement accuracy. Calibration compares instrument readings with reference values to characterise error or establish a correction.
Assess fading of the original dyed specimen after laundering. Which scale is intended for this visual rating?
A Thickness gauge scale
B Abrasion cycles scale
C Gray scale for staining
D Gray scale for change
Answer: D. Gray scale for change. The change scale compares the original and tested specimen for change of colour.
A test cup is sealed with fabric and a humidity difference is maintained across it. Which readings show vapour transfer?
A Changes in fabric colour
B Successive cup masses
C Successive yarn counts
D Changes in thread density
Answer: B. Successive cup masses. In a gravimetric cup test, change in cup mass over time tracks water vapour passing through the exposed fabric.
When measuring a narrow fabric’s width, why should excessive tension be avoided?
A It can distort dimensions
B It guarantees repeatable shade
C It removes fibre scales
D It increases oven temperature
Answer: A. It can distort dimensions. Tension can stretch or narrow the fabric, biasing the width under the intended measurement condition.
Microscopic examination can identify wool by which visible feature?
A Twill float length
B Yarn winding angle
C Fabric bursting pressure
D Surface scales
Answer: D. Surface scales. Wool fibres show overlapping cuticle scales that are visible with suitable magnification.
Electrical capacitance yarn testing detects changes mainly in what?
A Dye washfastness
B Yarn mass per length
C Knitted loop shape
D Fibre molecular weight
Answer: B. Yarn mass per length. Under comparable material and moisture conditions, changes in the yarn within the sensing field track mass variation.
Which comfort property can a sweating guarded hotplate measure?
A Warp slippage
B Evaporative resistance
C Colour shade
D Yarn twist
Answer: B. Evaporative resistance. A sweating guarded hotplate can measure resistance to evaporative heat transfer under controlled conditions.
Perspiration colorfastness tests expose textile specimens to which medium?
A Boiling fibre solvent
B Pure detergent powder
C Dry inert gas
D Simulated sweat
Answer: D. Simulated sweat. The specimen and adjacent textile are exposed to a specified perspiration solution and then evaluated.
On a Martindale abrasion tester, how is the specimen abraded?
A Controlled rubbing motion
B Continuous heat exposure
C Static water pressure
D Repeated tensile loading
Answer: A. Controlled rubbing motion. The specimen and abradant move relative to each other along the prescribed track.
Identify the variation an interlaboratory comparison is designed to reveal.
A The fabric weave type
B Between-laboratory variation
C Specimen shade alone
D Only yarn hairiness
Answer: B. Between-laboratory variation. Comparing results across laboratories can expose differences linked to equipment or testing practices.
During a xenon-arc fastness test, what does the lamp simulate?
A Damp fabric rubbing
B Liquid water pressure
C Thermal bonding
D Light exposure
Answer: D. Light exposure. A filtered xenon arc provides controlled radiation for evaluating resistance to light-induced fading.
Sliding a fabric strip over an edge until it reaches a specified angle helps determine which property?
A Dye uptake
B Bending length
C Pilling grade
D Bursting load
Answer: B. Bending length. A cantilever method relates the overhang needed to reach the specified geometry to bending length.
To compare two parts of a patterned fabric by colour measurement, which action limits unintended averaging across the design?
A Turn up jaw pressure
B Cut longer test strips
C Use a suitable aperture
D Increase moisture regain
Answer: C. Use a suitable aperture. The aperture should fit within the selected colour area so nearby colours do not affect its measurement.
Spectrophotometric colour measurement records which optical quantity?
A Elongation at break
B Hydrostatic pressure
C Spectral reflectance
D Tear propagation force
Answer: C. Spectral reflectance. A reflectance spectrophotometer measures the fraction of incident light reflected at different wavelengths.