Fabric must resist a steadily increasing pull before breaking. Which test directly evaluates that requirement?
A Wicking test
B Drape test
C Pilling test
D Tensile test
Answer: D. Tensile test. A tensile test applies a controlled pull and records the force and extension.
In moisture regain, which mass is used as the denominator?
A Oven-dry mass
B Added finish mass
C Water mass
D Conditioned mass
Answer: A. Oven-dry mass. Moisture regain expresses water mass as a percentage of the dry textile mass.
Identify the property assessed by repeated rubbing against an abrasive surface.
A Drape coefficient
B Abrasion resistance
C Tensile strength
D Moisture regain
Answer: B. Abrasion resistance. Abrasion testing measures how well the fabric withstands surface wear.
In a tensile report, elongation at break describes what change?
A Length increase at rupture
B Thickness loss from abrasion
C Width increase after conditioning
D Mass loss during washing
Answer: A. Length increase at rupture. Elongation at break expresses extension when the specimen breaks, usually relative to original length.
After a laundering test, which measurement reveals lengthwise shrinkage?
A Loss of dye intensity
B Difference in warp twist
C Change between length marks
D Increase in pile height
Answer: C. Change between length marks. Measure between lengthwise reference marks before and after the laundering procedure.
Hairiness arises mainly from which feature of a spun yarn?
A Yarn package diameter
B Alternating yarn colours
C Protruding fibres
D Ideal circular cross section
Answer: C. Protruding fibres. Hairiness describes fibres or fibre ends that extend out from the body of the yarn.
Choose the test that measures how readily an existing cut grows.
A Crocking test
B Burst test
C Air permeability test
D Tear test
Answer: D. Tear test. A tear test propagates a started cut and measures resistance to continued tearing.
What does fabric areal density express?
A Mass per unit area
B Force per unit width
C Length per unit mass
D Mass per unit length
Answer: A. Mass per unit area. Fabric areal density divides specimen mass by its measured area, often in g/m².
Several specimens are used for a strength test. What does the mean describe?
A The maximum only
B The smallest specimen
C The range of values
D Typical measured strength
Answer: D. Typical measured strength. The arithmetic mean summarises the central level of several test readings.
When yarns shift at a loaded seam, what is the defect called?
A Pilling
B Skew recovery
C Seam slippage
D Colour bleeding
Answer: C. Seam slippage. Seam slippage concerns movement of yarns in the fabric next to a seam under load.
Small tangled fibre balls appear on the surface after wear. Which test targets that defect?
A Bursting pressure
B Tearing strength
C Pilling resistance
D Dimensional stability
Answer: C. Pilling resistance. Pilling tests reproduce surface agitation and assess the formation of small fibre balls.
During a tensile test, gauge length is measured between which points?
A Two unrelated warp ends
B The two grips
C Adjacent cutting blades
D Two take-up rollers
Answer: B. The two grips. For a gripped specimen, gauge length is the initial distance between the grips.
Why should specimens be conditioned before testing?
A Change the fibre identity
B Control moisture effects
C Remove all yarn twist
D Increase every strength value
Answer: B. Control moisture effects. Conditioning reduces differences caused by textiles absorbing or releasing moisture under varying conditions.
Unequal thick and thin places in yarn are assessed by which type of measurement?
A Yarn evenness
B Fabric shrinkage
C Fabric drape
D Colour transfer
Answer: A. Yarn evenness. Evenness testing examines fluctuations along the length of a yarn.
For fibre fineness, what does a linear density measurement indicate?
A Number of fabric layers
B Thickness under foot load
C Mass per fibre length
D Number of yarn turns
Answer: C. Mass per fibre length. Linear density describes the mass of fibre per unit length and is one measure of fineness.
Hydraulic bursting applies what kind of loading to a fabric specimen?
A Multidirectional distension
B Uniaxial compression
C Repeated dry rubbing
D Lengthwise bending only
Answer: A. Multidirectional distension. Pressure pushes a diaphragm against the clamped specimen so that it stretches in several directions.
How does a fabric behave when it drapes?
A It loses all moisture
B It hangs in folds
C It necessarily shrinks
D It breaks under pressure
Answer: B. It hangs in folds. Drape describes the shape of fabric hanging under its own weight.
What information should accompany a result when textile properties differ in warp and weft?
A Yarn colour only
B Test direction
C Room number only
D Operator’s preferred fabric
Answer: B. Test direction. Identifying the tested direction makes results interpretable when yarn systems behave differently.
Thickness readings depend on presser foot loading. Which procedure produces comparable readings?
A Use any foot area
B Pull the fabric tight
C Ignore the test pressure
D Use the specified pressure
Answer: D. Use the specified pressure. Compressible fabric can give different thickness readings under different pressures, so the procedure specifies the applied pressure.
Elastic recovery is checked after taking which action?
A Increasing dye concentration
B Drying to constant mass
C Cutting the entire specimen
D Removing the applied load
Answer: D. Removing the applied load. Recovery is the extent to which the specimen returns toward its original length after unloading.
Air permeability is measured under which controlled driving condition?
A Pressure difference
B Abradant weight only
C UV exposure
D Constant tensile force
Answer: A. Pressure difference. Air permeability is determined by measuring flow under a specified pressure difference.
Linear density in tex is stated in which units?
A Kilometres per gram
B Grams per square metre
C Newtons per kilometre
D Grams per kilometre
Answer: D. Grams per kilometre. One tex equals one gram of mass per kilometre of yarn.
Good sampling helps a small set of specimens reflect what?
A One unusually good piece
B The test operator
C The machine itself
D The textile lot
Answer: D. The textile lot. Representative sampling captures variation in the larger lot from which the specimens are selected.
What kind of colorfastness is measured using a crockmeter?
A Fastness to perspiration
B Fastness to rubbing
C Fastness to sunlight
D Fastness to laundering
Answer: B. Fastness to rubbing. A crockmeter rubs a test cloth against the textile to assess colour transfer.
To check the turns put into yarn, which instrument is appropriate?
A Bursting tester
B Crockmeter
C Twist tester
D Thickness gauge
Answer: C. Twist tester. A twist tester determines the number of turns over a known yarn length.