Difficulty: Easy & Basic
Larger particles sometimes fail to follow an airstream as it bends around a filter fibre. Which capture mechanism results?
A Inertial impaction
B Dye exhaustion
C Capillary wicking
D Brownian diffusion
Answer: A. Inertial impaction. Particles with sufficient inertia can deviate from the air path toward a fibre.
When a temporary mat covers an exposed slope, what effect is generally intended?
A Prevent all root growth
B Reduce surface erosion
C Increase droplet impact
D Raise dye bath volume
Answer: B. Reduce surface erosion. Erosion control fabrics can shield soil from rainfall and runoff while vegetation establishes.
What is delamination in a layered textile composite?
A Calibrated fibre orientation
B Uniform matrix curing
C Separation between layers
D Increase in laminate mass
Answer: C. Separation between layers. Delamination is development of a separation or crack between laminate layers.
Under illumination close to the viewer, what component sends light back towards the source?
A Aroma coating
B Ordinary dye bath carrier
C Retroreflective component
D Open geogrid
Answer: C. Retroreflective component. Retroreflectors return incident light toward its source across specified viewing geometries.
What distinguishes drainage through a geocomposite from filtration through a geotextile face?
A Drainage can run in-plane
B Drainage always blocks flow
C Filtration always runs lengthwise
D Both prevent all water movement
Answer: A. Drainage can run in-plane. A drainage layer can transmit flow along its plane while the filter face regulates entry of water and soil.
Tiny aerosol particles wander randomly and contact fibres. Which mechanism helps capture them?
A Brownian diffusion
B Bulk liquid filtration only
C Inertial impaction only
D Fibre capillary collapse
Answer: A. Brownian diffusion. Random motion can bring very small particles to a fibre even when the average flow passes around it.
Which absorbent material swells substantially as it takes up aqueous liquid?
A Glass braid
B Superabsorbent polymer
C Dry para-aramid fabric
D Carbon fibre tow
Answer: B. Superabsorbent polymer. Superabsorbent polymers can swell into gels and retain considerable liquid in suitable formulations.
In a laminate with plies of different orientations, why put some fibres in transverse directions?
A Remove every shear stress
B Make all fibres parallel
C Carry loads in more directions
D Convert fibre into matrix
Answer: C. Carry loads in more directions. Multiple orientations can distribute reinforcement to cover different loading directions.
What describes a fabric’s ability to slow heat flow from a warm body to cold surroundings?
A Capillary absorption
B Thermal insulation
C Electrical conductivity only
D Fibre count
Answer: B. Thermal insulation. An insulating structure offers thermal resistance, often partly by retaining air.
In a load-rated textile sling, which use-related property must be evaluated for prolonged stress?
A Optical brightness
B Dye bath exhaustion
C Fibre translucence
D Creep
Answer: D. Creep. Creep is time-dependent deformation under sustained load and matters where load remains applied.
Which sheet combines a grid and a filter fabric as one product?
A Geocomposite
B Solid polymer bar
C Unreinforced soil
D Single geomembrane
Answer: A. Geocomposite. A geocomposite combines components to supply more than one geosynthetic function.
Solids accumulate on the upstream face of a working fabric filter. What is this deposit called?
A Composite matrix
B Foam stabiliser
C Filter cake
D Boundary lubricant
Answer: C. Filter cake. The retained solids can build up as a cake on the upstream surface.
What is a textile preform before resin infiltration?
A Finished resin only
B Shaped fibre reinforcement
C A ready-made filter cake
D A dissolved dye recipe
Answer: B. Shaped fibre reinforcement. A preform arranges reinforcing yarns or fabrics in the geometry needed for the composite.
Why can compression of a lofty insulating fabric reduce its warmth?
A It creates added air layers
B It changes fibre colour
C It expels trapped air
D It increases loft
Answer: C. It expels trapped air. Compression reduces thickness and air volume, which can reduce thermal resistance.
Which feature of a nonwoven wound-contact structure can help limit fibre residue on removal?
A Low lint release
B Higher print paste viscosity
C Greater warp twist
D Open metal grid
Answer: A. Low lint release. A low-lint structure limits fibres shed by the material during use.
Why are geogrids usually made with openings rather than as continuous sheets?
A Remove all tensile force
B Permit soil interlocking
C Stop all fluid movement
D Prevent visual inspection
Answer: B. Permit soil interlocking. Soil or aggregate can interlock through apertures, improving load transfer.
Why use a flexible coated fabric for a membrane structure?
A Create a rigid metal sheet
B Make the fabric dissolve
C Eliminate all textile reinforcement
D Combine strength and barrier
Answer: D. Combine strength and barrier. The base carries mechanical load while the coating provides environmental or barrier functions.
Identify the action that introduces liquid resin into a dry preform.
A Skein dyeing
B Compressive shrinkage
C Resin infusion
D Screen printing
Answer: C. Resin infusion. Infusion drives liquid resin into the pore network so it surrounds the reinforcement before curing.
Why do liquid filtration tests commonly record both retention and flow rate?
A They quantify different functions
B Flow rate measures dye hue
C They are always equivalent
D Retention sets fabric width
Answer: A. They quantify different functions. Retention indicates particle capture. Flow rate indicates throughput under the stated conditions.
Fusible interlinings work inside garments to support shape. Which technical textile segment traditionally includes them?
A Oekotech
B Geotech
C Packtech
D Clothtech
Answer: D. Clothtech. Clothtech includes functional garment components such as interlinings.
What part of an absorbent hygiene product distributes liquid from the top region toward the absorbent core?
A Sealed outer backsheet
B Fastening tape only
C Decorative outer label
D Acquisition and distribution layer
Answer: D. Acquisition and distribution layer. The layer takes in incoming liquid and spreads it so more of the core can absorb it.
When reinforcing fibres pull out easily from a matrix, what composite feature may be weak?
A Filter thickness measurement
B Fibre–matrix adhesion
C External container height
D Raw yarn visible shade
Answer: B. Fibre–matrix adhesion. Weak load transfer at the interface can allow fibres to slip or pull out.
What makes an electret nonwoven different from an otherwise similar uncharged filter medium?
A It needs a woven backing
B It retains electrical charge
C It eliminates all pressure drop
D It lacks any pores
Answer: B. It retains electrical charge. An electret retains charge that can contribute to particle capture.
Which performance should be measured when a textile is intended to limit transmitted ultraviolet energy?
A Total warp ends alone
B Electrical motor speed
C Dye mass per litre
D UV spectral transmission
Answer: D. UV spectral transmission. Measuring how much radiation passes through the textile quantifies its UV shielding under stated conditions.
Which use best illustrates industrial filtration under Indutech?
A Padded fashion collars
B Sporting turf yarns
C Woven household placemats
D Fabric dust collector bags
Answer: D. Fabric dust collector bags. Filter bags for industrial dust removal are textiles designed for a production or processing function.