A mechanical gripper grasps an object using what?
A Radiation
B Magnetic encoding only
C Air filtration
D Contact force
Answer: D. Contact force. Mechanical grippers use fingers or jaws to apply grasping force.
A vacuum gripper holds smooth parts using what?
A Gear teeth
B Welding current
C Hydraulic piston only
D Pressure difference
Answer: D. Pressure difference. Vacuum cups create a pressure difference that holds a surface.
A magnetic gripper is suited to which workpiece?
A Glass only
B Ferromagnetic material
C Wood only
D Rubber only
Answer: B. Ferromagnetic material. Magnetic grippers hold ferromagnetic parts such as steel.
A welding robot end effector carries what tool?
A Welding torch
B Pneumatic cylinder only
C Camera lens only
D Suction cup only
Answer: A. Welding torch. A welding torch delivers the arc or process energy to the joint.
A force sensor at the wrist measures what?
A Tool interaction loads
B Robot base temperature
C Camera brightness
D Battery voltage
Answer: A. Tool interaction loads. A wrist force sensor measures forces and moments at the end effector.
A proximity sensor detects nearby objects without what?
A Physical contact
B Electrical power
C Calibration
D A robot controller
Answer: A. Physical contact. Proximity sensing detects a target without contact.
A vision sensor uses a camera and what?
A Hydraulic valve
B Gear train
C Image processing
D Thermocouple only
Answer: C. Image processing. Image processing extracts object or scene information from camera data.
LiDAR measures distance using reflected what?
A Sound only
B Laser light
C Water pressure
D Magnetic field
Answer: B. Laser light. LiDAR estimates range from emitted and returned laser pulses or phase.
Ultrasonic ranging uses reflected what?
A Light waves
B Sound waves
C Radioactive particles
D Hydraulic pressure
Answer: B. Sound waves. Ultrasonic sensors determine distance from acoustic echo time.
An IMU commonly contains accelerometers and what?
A Load cells only
B Cameras only
C Pressure valves
D Gyroscopes
Answer: D. Gyroscopes. An inertial measurement unit combines accelerometers and gyroscopes, sometimes magnetometers.
A tactile sensor detects contact and what surface property?
A Pressure distribution
B Motor speed
C Battery state
D Robot reach
Answer: A. Pressure distribution. Tactile arrays measure contact pressure or texture at an interface.
A joint torque sensor measures what at robot axis?
A Linear position only
B Air humidity
C Rotational load
D Camera focus
Answer: C. Rotational load. Torque sensors detect rotational load about a joint.
A parallel-jaw gripper closes fingers how?
A Along an arc only
B With suction
C In parallel motion
D By magnetic rotation
Answer: C. In parallel motion. Parallel grippers keep jaws approximately parallel as they close.
An angular gripper moves jaws along what path?
A Parallel translation
B Helical path
C Pivoting arc
D No motion
Answer: C. Pivoting arc. Angular grippers pivot their fingers around a joint.
A robot tool changer allows what?
A Payload measurement
B Joint calibration
C Path smoothing
D Automatic tool exchange
Answer: D. Automatic tool exchange. Tool changers switch end effectors or tooling during a program.
Payload center of gravity affects what robot rating?
A Controller memory
B Permitted moment load
C Robot color
D Camera resolution
Answer: B. Permitted moment load. Payload center of gravity and inertia affect allowable wrist loads.
A kinematic chain becomes singular when its Jacobian loses what?
A Rank
B Mass
C Temperature
D Payload
Answer: A. Rank. At a singularity the Jacobian loses rank, reducing achievable instantaneous motion directions.
A manipulator Jacobian maps joint velocity to what?
A Tool velocity
B Tool color
C Battery current
D Surface finish
Answer: A. Tool velocity. The Jacobian relates joint rates to end-effector linear and angular velocity.
A robot’s work envelope is determined by joint range and what?
A Tool color
B Network speed
C Link geometry
D Battery voltage
Answer: C. Link geometry. Reachable workspace depends on link lengths and allowed joint motion.
An end-effector payload includes tool mass and what?
A Robot base mass
B Safety fence mass
C Workpiece mass
D Controller weight
Answer: C. Workpiece mass. Payload accounting includes tooling, part and any carried loads.
A force-torque sensor often uses what strain-based element?
A Strain gauges
B Photoelectric cell
C Thermistor
D Hall sensor only
Answer: A. Strain gauges. Strain-gauge bridges measure elastic deformation in a load cell structure.
A gripper’s holding force should exceed what?
A Robot reach
B Required task force
C Camera resolution
D Controller current
Answer: B. Required task force. The grasp must withstand inertial and process forces with a safety margin.
A suction cup may fail when the surface is what?
A Smooth and sealed
B Rigid and flat
C Clean and dry
D Porous or uneven
Answer: D. Porous or uneven. Leaks through porous or uneven surfaces reduce vacuum holding force.
A robot camera calibration estimates lens parameters and what?
A Motor torque
B Image geometry
C Air pressure
D Gear ratio
Answer: B. Image geometry. Camera calibration determines intrinsic and extrinsic parameters for geometric vision.
A tool frame is attached to which robot element?
A Base floor
B Controller cabinet
C Safety scanner
D End effector
Answer: D. End effector. The tool frame defines axes and origin at the end effector.