What is the term for the maximum stress a material can withstand without permanent deformation?
A Yield Stress
B Ultimate Stress
C Fracture Stress
D Elastic Stress
Yield stress is the maximum stress a material can withstand without undergoing permanent deformation. Beyond this point, the material deforms plastically and does not return to its original shape when the load is removed.
Which of the following is true for a brittle material?
A High ductility
B High elongation
C High plasticity
D Low toughness
Brittle materials, such as glass or cast iron, have low toughness because they fracture with little or no plastic deformation. They cannot absorb significant energy before breaking.
What is the term for the stress developed due to temperature changes in a constrained material?
A Shear Stress
B Thermal Stress
C Residual Stress
D Bending Stress
Thermal stress occurs when a material is constrained and cannot expand or contract freely due to temperature changes. This leads to internal stresses within the material.
Which of the following is a measure of a material’s resistance to twisting?
A Modulus of Elasticity
B Shear Modulus
C Bulk Modulus
D Poisson’s Ratio
Shear modulus (or modulus of rigidity) measures a material’s resistance to twisting or shear deformation. It is defined as the ratio of shear stress to shear strain.
What is the term for the stress at which a material breaks?
A Yield Stress
B Ultimate Stress
C Fracture Stress
D Elastic Stress
Fracture stress is the stress at which a material breaks or fractures. It is the maximum stress a material can withstand before failure.
Which theory is used to predict the failure of brittle materials?
A Maximum Shear Stress Theory
B Maximum Normal Stress Theory
C Maximum Strain Theory
D Maximum Energy Theory
The Maximum Normal Stress Theory (Rankine’s Theory) is used to predict the failure of brittle materials. It states that failure occurs when the maximum normal stress exceeds the material’s ultimate strength.
What is the term for the deformation of a material under cyclic loading?
A Fatigue
B Creep
C Fracture
D Hardening
Fatigue is the weakening of a material caused by cyclic loading, leading to crack initiation and propagation. It is a common cause of failure in structures subjected to repeated stress.
What is the shape of the bending moment diagram for a cantilever beam with a point load at the free end?
A Linear
B Parabolic
C Rectangular
D Triangular
For a cantilever beam with a point load at the free end, the bending moment diagram is linear. The bending moment increases linearly from zero at the free end to a maximum at the fixed end.
Which of the following is a measure of a material’s ability to stretch without breaking?
A Toughness
B Hardness
C Ductility
D Stiffness
Ductility is the ability of a material to stretch or deform under tensile stress without breaking. It is often measured by the percentage elongation or reduction in area during a tensile test.
What is the term for the stress developed in a material due to an applied torque?
A Tensile Stress
B Compressive Stress
C Shear Stress
D Bending Stress
Shear stress is developed in a material when it is subjected to an applied torque or twisting force. It acts parallel to the cross-section of the material.
Which of the following is true for a thin-walled pressure vessel?
A Hoop stress > Longitudinal stress
B Hoop stress < Longitudinal stress
C Hoop stress = Longitudinal stress
D No stress is developed
In a thin-walled cylindrical pressure vessel, the hoop stress (circumferential stress) is greater than the longitudinal stress. Hoop stress is twice the longitudinal stress for a given internal pressure.
What is the term for the stress remaining in a material after external loads are removed?
A Thermal Stress
B Residual Stress
C Shear Stress
D Bending Stress
Residual stress is the stress that remains in a material after external loads are removed. It is often caused by manufacturing processes like welding, casting, or machining.
Which of the following is a measure of a material’s resistance to volume change?
A Modulus of Elasticity
B Shear Modulus
C Bulk Modulus
D Poisson’s Ratio
Bulk modulus measures a material’s resistance to volume change under hydrostatic pressure. It is defined as the ratio of pressure to volumetric strain.
What is the term for the stress developed in a column due to axial compressive load?
A Tensile Stress
B Compressive Stress
C Shear Stress
D Bending Stress
Compressive stress is developed in a column when it is subjected to an axial compressive load. It acts perpendicular to the cross-section and tends to shorten the column.
Which of the following is a measure of a material’s ability to absorb energy elastically?
A Toughness
B Resilience
C Hardness
D Ductility
Resilience is the ability of a material to absorb energy elastically when deformed and release it upon unloading. It is represented by the area under the elastic portion of the stress-strain curve.