Short Answer

The Davis-Moore theory of stratification explains that social inequality exists because it is necessary for society to function properly. According to this theory, important jobs require more skill, training, and responsibility, so they are rewarded with higher pay and status.

This motivates people to work hard and take up important roles in society. In this way, social stratification helps in maintaining order and efficiency by ensuring that skilled individuals fill the most important positions.

Detailed Explanation:

Davis Moore Theory

Meaning of Theory

The Davis-Moore theory of stratification was given by sociologists Kingsley Davis and Wilbert Moore. It explains why social inequality exists in every society.

According to this theory, stratification is a functional necessity. This means it is important for the smooth working of society. Society needs people to perform different roles, and some roles are more important than others.

To ensure that important jobs are filled by skilled people, society offers rewards like high salary, status, and respect. This creates a system of inequality.

Basic Ideas of Theory

Importance of Jobs

Davis and Moore believed that all jobs in society are not equally important. Some jobs require special skills, education, and training.

For example, doctors, engineers, and scientists have more responsibility compared to unskilled workers. Their work affects many people, so they are considered more important.

Because of this importance, they receive higher rewards.

Unequal Rewards

According to the theory, society offers unequal rewards to motivate people. These rewards include high income, social status, and better living conditions.

The idea is that if difficult and important jobs were not rewarded more, people would not be motivated to take them.

Therefore, inequality is seen as a way to encourage hard work and talent.

Training and Effort

Some jobs require long training and education. For example, becoming a doctor or engineer takes many years of study.

Davis-Moore theory says that people must be rewarded for this extra effort. Otherwise, they may not choose such demanding careers.

This helps society get skilled individuals in important positions.

Function of Stratification

Role in Society

The theory argues that social stratification helps society function smoothly. It ensures that the most important roles are filled by the most capable people.

This creates efficiency in society because skilled people perform critical tasks.

Motivation System

Stratification also acts as a motivation system. People work harder when they know they can get better rewards and higher status.

This encourages competition and improvement in skills and education.

Criticism of Davis Moore Theory

Inequality Justification

One major criticism is that the theory justifies inequality. Critics say that not all important jobs are highly rewarded and not all high-paying jobs are important.

Unequal Opportunities

It ignores the fact that opportunities are not equal for everyone. Many people cannot access good education or training due to social or economic barriers.

Social Injustice

Critics also argue that stratification can create injustice, as it benefits already privileged groups and disadvantages others.

Alternative Views

Some sociologists believe inequality exists due to power, control, and historical factors, not just job importance.

Importance of Theory

Understanding Society

The theory helps explain why different jobs have different rewards in society.

Role Allocation

It shows how society assigns roles to individuals based on skills and abilities.

Social Order

It explains how stratification can help maintain order and stability in society.

Conclusion

The Davis-Moore theory of stratification explains that social inequality exists because it is necessary for society to function effectively. It suggests that important jobs require higher rewards to motivate people. Although the theory helps explain social order, it is also criticized for justifying inequality.