What is the primary goal of software requirement analysis?
A Collect data
B Code the software
C Define requirements
D Design system
The primary goal of software requirement analysis is to define the software’s functional and non functional requirements. This process ensures that all stakeholder needs are understood and documented clearly before development begins.
Which of the following is used to represent system behavior in UML?
A Deployment diagram
B State diagram
C Sequence diagram
D Class diagram
A State diagram in UML represents the dynamic behavior of a system by showing the states an object can be in and the transitions between those states based on events or conditions.
What does “non functional requirement” refer to in software?
A Performance
B User interface
C Business logic
D Data handling
Non functional requirements specify system attributes such as performance, security, scalability, and reliability. These define how the system performs rather than what it does, ensuring the system can handle expected loads and provide a good user experience.
In UML, which diagram is used to model the structure of a system?
A Sequence diagram
B Use case diagram
C Activity diagram
D Class diagram
A Class diagram in UML represents the structure of a system by showing its classes, attributes, and methods, along with the relationships between classes. It is fundamental in object oriented design and modeling.
What is the primary focus of functional requirements?
A System architecture
B User interactions
C System functionality
D Performance
Functional requirements define what the system must do. These include specific tasks, behaviors, or functions the software must perform, such as data processing, calculations, or user authentication, to meet user needs.
What type of requirement deals with how a system operates?
A Non functional
B Design
C Security
D Functional
Non functional requirements describe how the system performs its functions. These include performance metrics like speed, scalability, security, and usability, ensuring the system operates efficiently under various conditions.
Which of the following UML diagrams is used for modeling interactions between objects?
A Class
B Sequence
C Use case
D Activity
A Sequence diagram in UML shows how objects interact with each other over time. It models the flow of messages between objects in a particular sequence, helping to visualize dynamic behavior in the system.
What is a key characteristic of Agile methodology?
A Long development cycles
B Formal documentation
C Flexibility
D Rigidity
Agile methodology emphasizes flexibility and iterative development. It encourages teams to adapt to changes quickly and deliver working software in short cycles, focusing on customer satisfaction and continuous improvement.
What phase follows “System Design” in the SDLC?
A Testing
B Requirement gathering
C Implementation
D Deployment
After the “System Design” phase, the next phase in the SDLC is Implementation, where the actual code is written based on the design specifications. This phase transforms the design into a working software system.
Which of the following is NOT an example of a non functional requirement?
A Scalability
B Security
C Data processing
D Speed
Data processing is a functional requirement as it defines what the system does. Non functional requirements specify how the system performs tasks, such as speed, scalability, and security, which are concerned with system behavior.
What is the purpose of the “Use Case” diagram in UML?
A Model system behavior
B Show interactions between objects
C Represent system components
D Show system structure
The Use Case diagram in UML represents the functionality of a system from an end user perspective. It shows the interactions between users (actors) and the system, capturing functional requirements and system behavior.
In the context of SDLC, what is the “Testing” phase responsible for?
A Gathering requirements
B Designing the system
C Fixing bugs
D Writing code
The Testing phase in SDLC focuses on identifying and fixing defects in the software. It ensures that the system works as expected, meets the requirements, and is free of bugs that could affect performance or user experience.
Which design pattern ensures a class creates objects only when needed?
A Factory
B Prototype
C Singleton
D Lazy initialization
The Lazy initialization design pattern delays the creation of an object until it is actually needed. This is useful in optimizing resource use, particularly when creating an object is costly or unnecessary until a certain point.
What is the main goal of software documentation?
A Define system architecture
B Write code
C Provide maintenance details
D Improve performance
Software documentation provides detailed information on how the software operates, including design, implementation, and usage instructions. It is essential for maintaining and updating the system, helping new developers understand and work with the system.
Which of the following is NOT a feature of object oriented programming?
A Sequential execution
B Polymorphism
C Encapsulation
D Inheritance
Sequential execution is not a feature of object oriented programming (OOP). OOP focuses on concepts like inheritance, polymorphism, and encapsulation, which promote code reusability, flexibility, and security in software design.