Geology for Civil Engineers (Part-13)

What is the term for a rock that forms from solidified lava?

A Sedimentary
B Metamorphic
C Igneous
D Fossilized

What is the process by which sediments turn into rock?

A Lithification
B Weathering
C Compaction
D Erosion

What is the primary cause of landslides in mountainous areas?

A Earthquakes
B Heavy rainfall
C Volcanic eruptions
D Strong winds

Which property of soil is crucial for determining its drainage ability?

A Temperature
B Color
C Weight
D Texture

What is the main component of the Earth’s core?

A Oxygen
B Iron
C Silica
D Carbon

Which type of map shows the age, distribution, and composition of rocks?

A Topographic map
B Seismic map
C Geological map
D Weather map

What is the term used for the movement of water through a permeable material?

A Percolation
B Infiltration
C Evaporation
D Transpiration

Which mineral is commonly found in granite?

A Gypsum
B Halite
C Mica
D Quartz

What is the term for the natural breaking down of rocks into smaller particles by physical forces?

A Chemical weathering
B Physical weathering
C Biological weathering
D Erosion

What is the primary cause of subsidence in urban areas?

A Groundwater extraction
B Volcanic activity
C Landslides
D Tectonic plate movement

Which type of seismic wave travels the fastest?

A S-waves
B Surface waves
C P-waves
D Rayleigh waves

What is the term for the process of rock changing due to high temperature and pressure?

A Sedimentation
B Metamorphism
C Lithification
D Erosion

Which of the following is a key characteristic of sedimentary rocks?

A Formed under heat and pressure
B Formed from cooling magma
C High density
D Contain fossilized remains

What type of soil is most likely to be found in a desert environment?

A Sand
B Clay
C Loam
D Peat

What is the term used for the sudden release of energy from the Earth’s crust?

A Volcanic eruption
B Landslide
C Earthquake
D Tsunami