Which of the following is considered a best practice for writing clean code in programming?
A Complex functions
B Single-purpose functions
C Using global variables
D Long variable names
Writing single-purpose functions is a best practice that makes code easier to maintain, test, and reuse. Each function should perform one specific task, improving code readability and reducing complexity.
What is the main goal of algorithm design in programming?
A Finding an efficient solution
B Writing long code
C Maximizing code complexity
D Minimizing memory usage
The primary goal of algorithm design is to develop an efficient solution to a problem. This involves creating algorithms that minimize time and space complexity, providing optimal performance for large inputs.
Which of the following is a common technique used to prevent security vulnerabilities in coding?
A Hardcoding passwords
B Ignoring exceptions
C Using global variables
D Input validation
Input validation ensures that the data provided by the user is safe and meets the required format. This helps to prevent common security vulnerabilities like SQL injection and buffer overflows by rejecting invalid input.
Which of the following is a key principle of secure coding?
A Ignoring boundary conditions
B Using hardcoded credentials
C Proper input validation
D Error handling without logging
Proper input validation ensures that user inputs are sanitized and meet the expected format. It helps to protect applications from malicious inputs, such as SQL injections, and ensures data integrity and application security.
In Java, which method is used to sort an array of integers?
A Array.sort()
B Arrays.sort()
C List.sort()
D sort()
In Java, the Arrays.sort() method is used to sort an array of integers. This method implements an efficient sorting algorithm, like quicksort or mergesort, depending on the data type and size of the array.
Which of these is considered a good practice for writing efficient algorithms?
A Using recursion excessively
B Minimizing function calls
C Avoiding loops
D Ensuring algorithms are too complex
Minimizing function calls in an algorithm reduces overhead and can improve performance. Excessive function calls can increase execution time, particularly in recursive functions, so algorithms should be designed with efficiency in mind.
What does the term “Big O notation” describe in algorithm design?
A Code style
B Memory usage
C Functionality of the code
D Time and space complexity
Big O notation is used to describe the time and space complexity of an algorithm. It provides an upper bound on the running time or memory usage, allowing developers to evaluate how an algorithm scales with input size.
In Python, which method is used to catch an exception?
A throw()
B assert
C try-except
D handle()
In Python, the try-except block is used to catch and handle exceptions. Code that might raise an exception is placed inside the try block, and if an exception occurs, it is caught and handled in the except block.
What is the main benefit of using version control systems like Git in programming?
A Enhancing code readability
B Tracking code changes
C Writing comments
D Debugging code
Version control systems like Git allow developers to track changes to the codebase over time. This makes collaboration easier, enables rollback to previous versions, and helps avoid conflicts when multiple people are working on the same project.
Which of the following is a feature of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)?
A Functions outside classes
B Global variables
C Encapsulation
D Procedural execution
Encapsulation is a core principle of OOP that involves bundling data and methods that operate on that data into a single unit, or class. It helps to restrict direct access to some of an object’s components, promoting data protection.
What is the main purpose of debugging in software development?
A Documenting the code
B Identifying and fixing errors
C Writing code
D Compiling code
Debugging is the process of identifying, isolating, and fixing errors or bugs in the code. It helps ensure that the program functions as expected, improving software reliability and performance.
In Java, which keyword is used to inherit properties from a parent class?
A inherit
B extend
C super
D extends
In Java, the extends keyword is used to indicate that a class is inheriting from a parent class. This allows the subclass to access and modify properties and methods of the parent class.
Which of the following is a benefit of using recursion in algorithm design?
A Simplifies code
B Eliminates the need for loops
C Increases code complexity
D Reduces memory usage
Recursion allows problems to be broken down into smaller subproblems, making the code simpler and more elegant. It is particularly useful for problems like tree traversal and factorial calculation, though it may use more memory due to function calls.
What is the primary purpose of a constructor in Object-Oriented Programming?
A Initialize objects
B Define class properties
C Handle exceptions
D Implement inheritance
A constructor in OOP is a special method that initializes objects when they are created. It sets up the initial state of the object, assigning values to its attributes and performing any necessary setup before the object is used.
What is the main reason for following secure coding practices in programming?
A Minimize risk of security vulnerabilities
B Easier code maintenance
C Simpler code design
D Faster code execution
Secure coding practices help developers write code that is resistant to attacks and security flaws. By using techniques such as input validation, proper error handling, and avoiding hardcoded credentials, developers can minimize vulnerabilities in their applications.