Where are India’s Fundamental Rights primarily set out?
A Part III
B Part I
C Part IV
D Part XVIII
Answer: A. Part III. Part III of the Constitution contains the Fundamental Rights.
Which article range broadly contains Part III?
A Articles 12–35
B Articles 1–4
C Articles 36–51
D Articles 352–360
Answer: A. Articles 12–35. Part III begins with Article 12 and extends through Article 35, including omitted provisions.
How does Article 12 define “the State” for Part III?
A Government, legislatures, and authorities
B Only the Union Cabinet
C Only elected representatives
D Only courts
Answer: A. Government, legislatures, and authorities. Article 12 includes Union and State governments and legislatures, plus specified local or other authorities.
What does Article 13 say about laws inconsistent with Fundamental Rights?
A Void to the extent inconsistent
B Automatically repeal every law
C Remain valid without limit
D Apply only to foreigners
Answer: A. Void to the extent inconsistent. Article 13 makes inconsistent laws void to the extent of the inconsistency.
To whom does Article 14 guarantee equality before law?
A Every person
B Citizens only
C Government employees only
D Voters only
Answer: A. Every person. Article 14 applies to any person within India’s territory.
Which grounds are listed in Article 15’s non-discrimination clause?
A Religion, race, caste, sex, birthplace
B Income, occupation, language, age
C Residence, wealth, education, status
D District, profession, ancestry, disability
Answer: A. Religion, race, caste, sex, birthplace. Article 15 lists religion, race, caste, sex, and place of birth among specified grounds.
What does Article 16 address?
A Equal opportunity in public employment
B Equality in private contracts
C Freedom of religious worship
D Local government elections
Answer: A. Equal opportunity in public employment. Article 16 concerns equality of opportunity in matters of public employment.
Which practice does Article 17 abolish?
A Untouchability
B Forced migration
C Preventive detention
D Private education
Answer: A. Untouchability. Article 17 abolishes untouchability and forbids its practice in any form.
What does Article 18 generally address?
A Abolition of titles
B Freedom of movement
C Religious instruction
D Education for children
Answer: A. Abolition of titles. Article 18 addresses the abolition of titles, with constitutional provisions for distinctions.
Who can claim the freedoms listed in Article 19?
A Citizens of India
B Every person worldwide
C Foreign governments
D Companies only
Answer: A. Citizens of India. Article 19 grants specified freedoms to citizens, subject to constitutional restrictions.
Which article protects freedom of speech and expression?
A Article 19
B Article 14
C Article 21
D Article 32
Answer: A. Article 19. Freedom of speech and expression is listed in Article 19(1)(a).
What condition appears in Article 19’s right to assemble?
A Peaceably and without arms
B Only after a court order
C Only in private homes
D With government membership
Answer: A. Peaceably and without arms. Article 19(1)(b) protects peaceful assembly without arms, subject to constitutional restrictions.
Which freedom is listed in Article 19(1)(c)?
A Form associations or unions
B Choose a religion
C Own any property
D Vote in every election
Answer: A. Form associations or unions. Article 19(1)(c) protects the right to form associations, unions, or cooperative societies.
What movement right is listed in Article 19?
A Move throughout India
B Travel without any law
C Enter every private property
D Move only within one’s State
Answer: A. Move throughout India. Article 19 includes a citizen’s right to move freely throughout India’s territory, subject to restrictions.
Which residence-related freedom appears in Article 19?
A Reside and settle in India
B Settle in any country
C Occupy any private home
D Live without local laws
Answer: A. Reside and settle in India. Article 19 includes the right to reside and settle in any part of India’s territory, subject to restrictions.
What work-related freedom does Article 19 protect?
A Profession, occupation, trade, business
B Guaranteed employment for all
C A fixed public salary
D Freedom from every tax
Answer: A. Profession, occupation, trade, business. Article 19(1)(g) protects the right to practise a profession or carry on an occupation, trade, or business, subject to restrictions.
Are Article 19 freedoms unlimited?
A No; constitutional restrictions apply
B Yes, without exception
C Only during elections
D Only to public officials
Answer: A. No; constitutional restrictions apply. The Constitution permits specified reasonable restrictions on Article 19 freedoms.
Which protection does Article 20 provide?
A Safeguards in criminal convictions
B Equal access to education
C Freedom to manage religion
D Protection of property ownership
Answer: A. Safeguards in criminal convictions. Article 20 provides protections concerning conviction for offences.
What does Article 20 say about repeated prosecution for one offence?
A No prosecution and punishment twice
B A second trial is automatic
C Only civil courts may retry
D It applies to every dispute
Answer: A. No prosecution and punishment twice. Article 20(2) protects a person from being prosecuted and punished for the same offence more than once.
Which protection guards an accused person against compelled self-incrimination?
A Article 20(3)
B Article 14
C Article 17
D Article 29
Answer: A. Article 20(3). Article 20(3) says an accused person shall not be compelled to be a witness against himself.
What does Article 21 protect?
A Life and personal liberty
B A particular occupation
C All private property
D Only voting rights
Answer: A. Life and personal liberty. Article 21 protects life and personal liberty, except according to procedure established by law.
Which age group is covered by Article 21A’s education provision?
A Children aged six to fourteen
B Children under age five
C All adults
D Students under age twenty-one
Answer: A. Children aged six to fourteen. Article 21A concerns free and compulsory education for children aged six to fourteen.
What information must an arrested person be given under Article 22?
A Grounds of the arrest
B The judge’s future ruling
C Every witness’s address
D The final sentence
Answer: A. Grounds of the arrest. Article 22 requires that an arrested person be informed of the grounds of arrest.
Which legal assistance may an arrested person consult under Article 22?
A A legal practitioner of choice
B Only a police officer
C Only a court clerk
D Any elected official
Answer: A. A legal practitioner of choice. Article 22 protects the right of an arrested person to consult and be defended by a legal practitioner of choice.
Within what period must an arrested person generally be produced before a magistrate?
A Twenty-four hours
B Three days
C Seven days
D One month
Answer: A. Twenty-four hours. Article 22 generally requires production before the nearest magistrate within twenty-four hours, excluding necessary journey time, subject to stated exceptions.
Which exploitation does Article 23 prohibit?
A Trafficking and forced labour
B All unpaid family work
C Every public service duty
D All forms of apprenticeship
Answer: A. Trafficking and forced labour. Article 23 prohibits traffic in human beings, begar, and other similar forms of forced labour.
Which employment is specifically restricted by Article 24?
A Child labour in hazardous work
B All work by adults
C Every household task
D All student internships
Answer: A. Child labour in hazardous work. Article 24 prohibits employing a child below fourteen in a factory, mine, or other hazardous employment.
What freedom does Article 25 protect?
A Freedom of conscience and religion
B Freedom from all regulations
C A right to public office
D A right to avoid taxation
Answer: A. Freedom of conscience and religion. Article 25 protects freedom of conscience and the right to profess, practise, and propagate religion, subject to stated limits.
Which limits are named in Article 25?
A Public order, morality, and health
B Income, age, and residence
C Education, employment, and property
D Language, district, and occupation
Answer: A. Public order, morality, and health. Article 25 makes religious freedom subject to public order, morality, health, and other provisions of Part III.
What right does Article 26 give religious denominations?
A Manage religious affairs
B Set every criminal law
C Control public elections
D Ignore all health laws
Answer: A. Manage religious affairs. Article 26 protects specified rights of religious denominations, subject to public order, morality, and health.
What does Article 27 restrict the State from doing?
A Tax for a particular religion
B Collecting any public revenue
C Funding every school
D Regulating religious institutions
Answer: A. Tax for a particular religion. Article 27 addresses taxes specifically appropriated to promote or maintain a particular religion or denomination.
Which topic is addressed by Article 28?
A Religious instruction in institutions
B Freedom of movement
C Equality in employment
D Local government
Answer: A. Religious instruction in institutions. Article 28 deals with religious instruction or worship in certain educational institutions.
What may a section of citizens conserve under Article 29(1)?
A Language, script, or culture
B Only private property
C Only religious institutions
D A separate criminal code
Answer: A. Language, script, or culture. Article 29(1) protects a section of citizens’ right to conserve its distinct language, script, or culture.
Which grounds are listed in Article 29(2) for denying admission?
A Religion, race, caste, language
B Income, occupation, district, age
C Citizenship, property, education, sex
D Residence, disability, wealth, status
Answer: A. Religion, race, caste, language. Article 29(2) bars specified discrimination in admission to certain State-maintained or State-aided institutions.
Who may establish and administer educational institutions under Article 30?
A Religious or linguistic minorities
B Only Union ministries
C Only private companies
D Every municipal body
Answer: A. Religious or linguistic minorities. Article 30 protects the rights of religious and linguistic minorities to establish and administer educational institutions.
Which court is expressly named in Article 32 for enforcing Fundamental Rights?
A The Supreme Court
B A district court
C A municipal tribunal
D The Election Commission
Answer: A. The Supreme Court. Article 32 guarantees the right to move the Supreme Court for enforcement of Fundamental Rights.
Which writ asks whether a person is lawfully detained?
A Habeas corpus
B Mandamus
C Certiorari
D Quo warranto
Answer: A. Habeas corpus. Habeas corpus is among the writs the Supreme Court may issue under Article 32.
Which writ can command a public authority to perform a duty?
A Mandamus
B Habeas corpus
C Prohibition
D Quo warranto
Answer: A. Mandamus. Mandamus is a writ that may direct a public authority to perform a legal duty.
Which writ may challenge a person’s authority to hold public office?
A Quo warranto
B Habeas corpus
C Mandamus
D Prohibition
Answer: A. Quo warranto. Quo warranto questions the legal authority by which a person holds a public office.
What is the current constitutional status of the right to property?
A A constitutional right, Article 300A
B Part III Fundamental Right
C A Directive Principle
D A Fundamental Duty
Answer: A. A constitutional right, Article 300A. The right to property is no longer a Fundamental Right in Part III; Article 300A protects it as a constitutional right.
What can Parliament do under Article 33?
A Modify rights for specified forces
B Repeal every Fundamental Right
C Suspend courts permanently
D Change State boundaries
Answer: A. Modify rights for specified forces. Article 33 permits Parliament to modify Part III rights in their application to specified forces and services.
Which situation is addressed by Article 34?
A Restrictions during martial law
B Education for children
C Municipal elections
D Taxation for religion
Answer: A. Restrictions during martial law. Article 34 concerns restrictions on rights while martial law is in force in an area.
Who has legislative power under Article 35 for specified Part III matters?
A Parliament
B Every local authority
C The Supreme Court
D Private institutions
Answer: A. Parliament. Article 35 gives Parliament power to make laws for specified matters in Part III.
Which statement about Articles 14 and 19 is accurate?
A Art14 persons; Art19 citizens
B Both cover citizens only
C Both cover companies only
D Article 19 covers every person
Answer: A. Art14 persons; Art19 citizens. Article 14 uses “any person,” while Article 19 grants its listed freedoms to citizens.
How may a law inconsistent with Part III be treated under Article 13?
A Void to the inconsistent extent
B Automatically valid forever
C A constitutional amendment
D A private agreement
Answer: A. Void to the inconsistent extent. Article 13 provides that inconsistent laws are void to the extent of their inconsistency.
Can freedom of religion under Article 25 override every other Part III provision?
A No; subject to Part III
B Yes, in every case
C Only during emergencies
D Only for public institutions
Answer: A. No; subject to Part III. Article 25 is expressly subject to the other provisions of Part III.
What is a key role of constitutional remedies under Article 32?
A Enforce Fundamental Rights
B Create new ministries
C Set local tax rates
D Choose public officials
Answer: A. Enforce Fundamental Rights. Article 32 enables people to seek Supreme Court remedies for enforcement of Fundamental Rights.
Which group of subjects forms the familiar Fundamental Rights categories?
A Equality, freedoms, religion, remedies
B Tax, trade, finance, defence
C Elections, courts, budgets, language
D Land, transport, health, housing
Answer: A. Equality, freedoms, religion, remedies. Fundamental Rights are commonly grouped under equality, freedom, protection against exploitation, religion, cultural and educational rights, and remedies.
Which Article 20 principle bars retrospective criminal punishment?
A No ex-post-facto punishment
B Equal public employment
C Freedom of religion
D Protection from detention
Answer: A. No ex-post-facto punishment. Article 20(1) protects against conviction for an act that was not an offence when committed and against a greater retrospective penalty.
Which amendment removed the right to property from Part III?
A 44th Amendment
B 42nd Amendment
C 52nd Amendment
D 86th Amendment
Answer: A. 44th Amendment. The 44th Amendment removed the right to property from the Fundamental Rights list; Article 300A now protects it as a constitutional right.