Which article contains the Fundamental Duties?
A Article 32
B Article 21A
C Article 51A
D Article 368
Answer: C. Article 51A. Article 51A sets out the Fundamental Duties in Part IVA of the Constitution.
Where are Fundamental Duties placed in the Constitution?
A Part IVA
B Part IV
C Part V
D Part III
Answer: A. Part IVA. Fundamental Duties appear in Part IVA, inserted by the 42nd Amendment.
Who is addressed by Article 51A?
A Only public servants
B Every resident
C Only elected officials
D Every citizen of India
Answer: D. Every citizen of India. Article 51A describes duties of every citizen of India.
How many Fundamental Duties are currently listed?
A Ten duties
B Eleven duties
C Twelve duties
D Nine duties
Answer: B. Eleven duties. Article 51A currently contains clauses (a) through (k), eleven duties.
Which amendment first inserted Fundamental Duties?
A 52nd Amendment
B 42nd Amendment
C 86th Amendment
D 44th Amendment
Answer: B. 42nd Amendment. The 42nd Amendment Act, 1976 inserted Part IVA and the original duties.
When did the duties inserted by the 42nd Amendment take effect?
A 15 August 1947
B 26 January 1950
C 1 April 2010
D 3 January 1977
Answer: D. 3 January 1977. The 42nd Amendment insertion of Article 51A took effect on 3 January 1977.
Which amendment added the education duty in clause (k)?
A 86th Amendment
B 42nd Amendment
C 44th Amendment
D 73rd Amendment
Answer: A. 86th Amendment. The 86th Amendment added clause (k) to Article 51A.
What age range appears in the education duty under clause (k)?
A Six to sixteen years
B Eight to fourteen years
C Six to fourteen years
D Five to twelve years
Answer: C. Six to fourteen years. Clause (k) concerns a child or ward between six and fourteen years of age.
Under clause (k), who must provide educational opportunities?
A The local police
B The school principal
C Every neighbour
D A parent or guardian
Answer: D. A parent or guardian. Article 51A(k) places this duty on a parent or guardian regarding their child or ward.
What must citizens respect under clause (a)?
A Only the national flag
B Constitution and its institutions
C Only elected leaders
D Every political party
Answer: B. Constitution and its institutions. Clause (a) asks citizens to abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions.
Which national symbols are named in clause (a)?
A State emblems only
B Currency and passport
C National Flag and Anthem
D National flower and bird
Answer: C. National Flag and Anthem. Clause (a) expressly names the National Flag and the National Anthem.
Citizens are asked to cherish ideals from which historical source?
A The freedom struggle
B The independence of 1971
C The industrial revolution
D Ancient trade routes
Answer: A. The freedom struggle. Clause (b) refers to the noble ideals that inspired India’s national struggle for freedom.
What does clause (b) ask citizens to follow?
A Freedom struggle ideals
B Every government policy
C A single language
D All historical customs
Answer: A. Freedom struggle ideals. Citizens must cherish and follow the noble ideals that inspired the national freedom struggle.
Which three national qualities appear in clause (c)?
A Culture, language, faith
B Liberty, trade, security
C Sovereignty, unity, integrity
D Peace, wealth, equality
Answer: C. Sovereignty, unity, integrity. Clause (c) asks citizens to uphold and protect India’s sovereignty, unity, and integrity.
What action does clause (c) require regarding India?
A Promote one regional identity
B Uphold and protect its unity
C Avoid all public debate
D Join every organisation
Answer: B. Uphold and protect its unity. The duty is to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity, and integrity of India.
When does clause (d) call for national service?
A During every election
B Only during emergencies
C After age sixty
D When called upon
Answer: D. When called upon. Clause (d) says citizens should render national service when called upon to do so.
Which responsibility does clause (d) pair with rendering national service?
A Protect wildlife
B Promote scientific temper
C Defend the country
D Preserve public property
Answer: C. Defend the country. Clause (d) asks citizens to defend the country and render national service when called upon.
Common brotherhood should transcend which differences?
A Political, economic, professional
B Income, age, occupation
C Urban, rural, coastal
D Religious, linguistic, regional
Answer: D. Religious, linguistic, regional. Clause (e) refers to religious, linguistic, regional, and sectional diversities.
Practices derogatory to whose dignity should be renounced?
A Women
B Children
C Public officials
D Foreign visitors
Answer: A. Women. Clause (e) includes renouncing practices derogatory to the dignity of women.
Besides women’s dignity, what social value does clause (e) promote?
A One uniform culture
B Harmony and common brotherhood
C Private wealth
D Competition between regions
Answer: B. Harmony and common brotherhood. Clause (e) promotes harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood among all people.
What heritage does clause (f) ask citizens to preserve?
A Composite culture
B Local borders
C Military equipment
D Private property
Answer: A. Composite culture. Clause (f) calls on citizens to value and preserve India’s rich composite culture.
Which action reflects clause (f)?
A Reject cultural diversity
B Replace historic languages
C Ignore local traditions
D Value shared cultural heritage
Answer: D. Value shared cultural heritage. Valuing and preserving the rich heritage of India’s composite culture reflects clause (f).
Forests, lakes, rivers, and wildlife appear in which duty?
A Defend national borders
B Respect the Constitution
C Protect the natural environment
D Promote public employment
Answer: C. Protect the natural environment. Clause (g) names forests, lakes, rivers, and wildlife within the environmental duty.
Compassion under clause (g) extends to whom?
A Only human beings
B Living creatures
C Only domestic pets
D Only endangered species
Answer: B. Living creatures. Clause (g) includes having compassion for living creatures.
Which two environmental actions are named in clause (g)?
A Measure and privatise
B Control and relocate
C Trade and develop
D Protect and improve
Answer: D. Protect and improve. The clause asks citizens to protect and improve the natural environment.
Scientific temper is linked with which qualities in clause (h)?
A Harmony, heritage, culture
B Unity, sovereignty, integrity
C Humanism, inquiry, reform
D Patriotism, trade, defence
Answer: C. Humanism, inquiry, reform. Clause (h) groups scientific temper with humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform.
A student tests claims with evidence and questions assumptions. Which duty does this reflect?
A Defend the country
B Develop scientific temper
C Safeguard public property
D Preserve composite culture
Answer: B. Develop scientific temper. Evidence-based inquiry reflects the duty to develop scientific temper and the spirit of inquiry.
Which constitutional duty specifically names humanism?
A Article 51A(h)
B Article 51A(a)
C Article 51A(d)
D Article 51A(i)
Answer: A. Article 51A(h). Clause (h) names scientific temper, humanism, inquiry, and reform.
What twin responsibilities appear in clause (i)?
A Defend borders, render service
B Safeguard property, reject violence
C Respect institutions, follow ideals
D Protect forests, value culture
Answer: B. Safeguard property, reject violence. Clause (i) asks citizens to safeguard public property and abjure violence.
How should citizens approach violence under clause (i)?
A Abjure violence
B Use force routinely
C Encourage violence
D Ignore public harm
Answer: A. Abjure violence. The word ‘abjure’ means to renounce or reject violence.
Which spheres are covered by the excellence duty?
A Government work only
B Education alone
C Private business alone
D Individual and collective activity
Answer: D. Individual and collective activity. Clause (j) calls for excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity.
Why should citizens strive for excellence under clause (j)?
A Replace public institutions
B Avoid collective effort
C Help the nation achieve higher
D Gain private rewards only
Answer: C. Help the nation achieve higher. The clause aims for the nation to rise constantly to higher levels of endeavour and achievement.
Which clause addresses striving towards excellence?
A Clause (k)
B Clause (b)
C Clause (j)
D Clause (e)
Answer: C. Clause (j). Clause (j) contains the duty to strive towards excellence.
A citizen reports vandalism of a public bus stop. Which duty is most directly relevant?
A Preserve composite culture
B Safeguard public property
C Promote common brotherhood
D Develop humanism
Answer: B. Safeguard public property. Article 51A(i) expressly asks citizens to safeguard public property.
Which clause expressly includes rivers and wildlife?
A Clause (f)
B Clause (j)
C Clause (c)
D Clause (g)
Answer: D. Clause (g). Forests, lakes, rivers, and wildlife are named in Article 51A(g).
Respect for the National Anthem is part of which duty?
A Abide by the Constitution
B Render national service
C Promote excellence
D Protect the environment
Answer: A. Abide by the Constitution. Clause (a) includes respecting the National Anthem and National Flag.
The phrase ‘sovereignty, unity and integrity’ belongs to which clause?
A Clause (a)
B Clause (h)
C Clause (k)
D Clause (c)
Answer: D. Clause (c). Clause (c) names India’s sovereignty, unity, and integrity.
What kind of harmony does clause (e) envision?
A Across diverse communities
B Among elected officials
C Between trading partners
D Within one profession
Answer: A. Across diverse communities. Clause (e) calls for harmony and common brotherhood across social and regional diversities.
A guardian supports a learner aged eleven. Which constitutional duty includes this responsibility?
A Article 51A(i)
B Article 51A(k)
C Article 51A(c)
D Article 51A(g)
Answer: B. Article 51A(k). Clause (k) concerns educational opportunities for a child or ward aged six to fourteen.
What did the 86th Amendment add to Article 51A?
A A public property duty
B A national service duty
C A parent education duty
D A cultural heritage duty
Answer: C. A parent education duty. The 86th Amendment inserted clause (k), concerning a parent or guardian’s education duty.
How many duties were in the original 1976 insertion?
A Ten duties
B Eight duties
C Twelve duties
D Eleven duties
Answer: A. Ten duties. The 42nd Amendment inserted ten duties; clause (k) was added later.
From what date did clause (k) take effect?
A 15 August 1947
B 3 January 1977
C 1 April 2010
D 26 November 1949
Answer: C. 1 April 2010. The 86th Amendment’s insertion of clause (k) took effect on 1 April 2010.
Part IVA of the Constitution deals with what subject?
A Directive Principles
B Fundamental Rights
C Union Legislature
D Fundamental Duties
Answer: D. Fundamental Duties. Part IVA is titled Fundamental Duties.
What is the scope stated at the start of Article 51A?
A Only public employees
B Every citizen of India
C Only adult voters
D Every person worldwide
Answer: B. Every citizen of India. The article introduces its list as duties of every citizen of India.
Which approach is encouraged by clause (h)?
A Rejecting humanism
B Inquiry and reform
C Blind acceptance
D Avoiding evidence
Answer: B. Inquiry and reform. Clause (h) promotes scientific temper, humanism, and the spirit of inquiry and reform.
Protecting wildlife and showing compassion belong to which broader responsibility?
A Public service
B Cultural preservation
C National defence
D Environmental protection
Answer: D. Environmental protection. Both duties are part of Article 51A(g), concerning the natural environment and living creatures.
Which action is not expressly listed in Article 51A?
A Safeguard public property
B Protect natural environment
C Serve on every committee
D Respect the National Anthem
Answer: C. Serve on every committee. Article 51A lists specific duties, but does not expressly require service on every committee.
What must a parent or guardian provide under clause (k)?
A Educational opportunities
B School uniforms
C A government job
D A private tutor
Answer: A. Educational opportunities. Clause (k) requires a parent or guardian to provide opportunities for education to their child or ward.
Citizens who protect a public monument and reject violent damage reflect which duty?
A Promote excellence and reform
B Preserve culture and harmony
C Defend country and serve
D Safeguard property and abjure violence
Answer: D. Safeguard property and abjure violence. Article 51A(i) combines safeguarding public property with abjuring violence.
Questioning unsupported claims to encourage social progress reflects which duty?
A Composite culture and heritage
B Scientific temper and reform
C Public property and nonviolence
D National service and defence
Answer: B. Scientific temper and reform. Clause (h) asks citizens to develop scientific temper and the spirit of inquiry and reform.