Difficulty: Easy & Basic
Which operation deliberately compresses fabric length before sale to reduce later washing shrinkage?
A Fibre blending
B Piece dyeing
C Compressive shrinkage finishing
D Yarn warping
Answer: C. Compressive shrinkage finishing. Compaction or compressive shrinkage finishing shortens the fabric in a controlled way before it is used.
How does napping change the fabric surface?
A Removes all pile
B Adds warp yarns
C Dissolves fibre polymers
D Raises surface fibres
Answer: D. Raises surface fibres. Raising rolls draw fibre ends from the surface to create a soft nap.
What is the goal of waterproof finishing?
A Increase dye bath uptake
B Raise fabric pile
C Limit liquid water penetration
D Make water penetrate faster
Answer: C. Limit liquid water penetration. A waterproof barrier resists penetration by liquid water under specified conditions.
Softener application is intended to improve which property?
A Fibre identity
B Fabric hand
C Yarn count
D Loom efficiency
Answer: B. Fabric hand. Softeners change surface friction or flexibility so the textile feels softer.
Name the machine that holds fabric edges at controlled width through heated zones.
A Stenter
B Card
C Warping creel
D Jigger
Answer: A. Stenter. A stenter grips the two edges with clips or pins while conveying fabric through heated chambers.
Durable press finishing chiefly improves what performance?
A Wrinkle recovery
B Bleach oxidation rate
C Yarn tenacity always
D Airflow in a dryer
Answer: A. Wrinkle recovery. Durable press treatments improve resistance to persistent wrinkles and support easy care.
Drying after padding mainly removes what from an aqueous finish?
A All finish solids
B Warp yarns
C Water
D Fibre polymers
Answer: C. Water. Drying evaporates the liquid carrier while much of the deposited finish remains.
An abrasive surface finish gives fabric a suede-like hand. What is it called?
A Mercerization
B Sueding
C Singeing
D Pad dyeing
Answer: B. Sueding. Sueding uses fine abrasion to develop a soft, lightly textured face.
Antimicrobial finishing aims primarily to limit what?
A Warp thread twist
B Water vapour diffusion
C Sunlight exposure
D Growth of microorganisms
Answer: D. Growth of microorganisms. An antimicrobial finish inhibits specified microorganisms under defined conditions.
Identify the treatment that stabilises dimensions of a thermoplastic fabric by controlled heating.
A Cold rinsing
B Heat setting
C Hand stitching
D Stock dyeing
Answer: B. Heat setting. Heating enables structural relaxation, and controlled cooling helps retain the selected dimensions.
On a dry mass basis, what does finish add-on measure?
A Dye remaining in liquor
B Water evaporated per hour
C Difference in yarn count
D Finish retained by fabric
Answer: D. Finish retained by fabric. Dry add-on is the dry finish mass deposited relative to the dry textile mass.
To biopolish cotton, which enzyme type is commonly used?
A Protease
B Cellulase
C Catalase
D Amylase
Answer: B. Cellulase. Cellulase hydrolyses accessible cellulose at the surface, helping remove projecting microfibres.
Fabric passes between rolls under pressure in which surface-finishing process?
A Warp sizing
B Stock dyeing
C Calendering
D Carding
Answer: C. Calendering. The calender presses the fabric between rolls to alter smoothness, thickness or appearance.
Which type of finish makes water droplets less likely to wet the surface?
A Stiffening finish
B Antistatic finish
C Water repellent finish
D Optical brightener
Answer: C. Water repellent finish. A repellent treatment lowers wetting of the surface, encouraging droplets to bead.
If a fabric must feel crisp and hold shape, which finish is appropriate?
A Stiffening finish
B Softening finish
C Optical brightening
D Antistatic finish
Answer: A. Stiffening finish. A stiffening finish increases resistance to bending and can give a crisp hand.
Why is a finished fabric often tested after repeated washing?
A Reidentify the warp direction
B Check finish durability
C Measure original fibre length
D Set the machine width
Answer: B. Check finish durability. Testing after washing shows how much of the intended performance remains after care.
Flame-retardant finishing seeks to reduce which behaviour under stated test conditions?
A Dye transfer to cloth
B Fibre diameter variation
C Permanent drape only
D Flame spread or persistence
Answer: D. Flame spread or persistence. A flame-retardant treatment reduces ignition, burning or flame spread according to its mechanism and test.
After napping, which treatment cuts projecting pile to make its height more uniform?
A Stock dyeing
B Scouring
C Brushing only
D Shearing
Answer: D. Shearing. Shearing uses cutting blades to trim raised fibres to a more uniform height.
In a pad–dry–cure route, what happens in the cure step?
A Cloth is bleached first
B Warp yarns are wound
C Finish reacts or sets
D All solids are dissolved
Answer: C. Finish reacts or sets. Curing provides the condition needed for a finish to react, crosslink or form a durable film.
Dimensional stability after laundering refers to what?
A Retention of size
B Resistance to fibre melting
C Colour under daylight
D Maximum water uptake
Answer: A. Retention of size. A dimensionally stable textile changes little in length or width under the specified use and care conditions.
Using a patterned tool during embossing creates which surface effect?
A Dispersed fibre dye
B A loose yarn package
C A lower yarn count
D Raised or recessed design
Answer: D. Raised or recessed design. Pressure from a patterned roll impresses a relief design into the fabric.
For fabric that clings from static charge, which treatment targets the cause?
A Shrinkage compaction
B Antistatic finish
C Stiffening finish
D Optical whitening
Answer: B. Antistatic finish. Antistatic finishing reduces charge buildup or helps charge dissipate.
When wool fibres are mechanically worked under suitable wet conditions, which finish compacts the structure by felting?
A Warp sizing
B Optical whitening
C Package dyeing
D Milling or fulling
Answer: D. Milling or fulling. Milling promotes controlled felting and consolidation, increasing the fabric’s fullness.
Soil release helps remove contamination during which activity?
A Laundering
B Fabric knitting
C Yarn spinning
D Warp preparation
Answer: A. Laundering. Soil release improves removal of stains or soil during washing.
During a pad application, what is the function of the mangle nip?
A Control liquor pickup
B Weave the warp ends
C Determine fibre length
D Print the screen design
Answer: A. Control liquor pickup. Squeeze rollers remove excess liquor and control the amount carried forward.