What is the formula for calculating pressure in a fluid at rest?
A P = F/A
B P = ρgh
C P = mv
D P = 1/2 ρv²
In hydrostatics, pressure at a depth h in a fluid is given by P = ρgh, where ρ is fluid density, g is gravitational acceleration, and h is depth. This is due to the weight of the fluid above.
Which of the following is true for mechanical advantage?
A It is the ratio of input force to output force
B It is the ratio of output force to input force
C It is the ratio of output work to input work
D It is the ratio of input work to output work
Mechanical advantage (MA) is the ratio of the output force to the input force in a machine. It measures how much a machine amplifies the input force.
What is the primary function of a pulley?
A To store energy
B To increase the input force
C To change the direction of force
D To decrease the input force
A pulley is used to change the direction of the applied force. It can also provide mechanical advantage depending on the number of pulleys used in the system.
Which of the following is true for material behavior under load?
A Plastic deformation is temporary
B Plastic deformation is reversible
C Elastic deformation is reversible
D Elastic deformation is permanent
Elastic deformation is reversible, meaning the material returns to its original shape after the load is removed. Plastic deformation, on the other hand, is permanent.
What is the centroid of a semicircle?
A 4r/3π from the base
B 2r/π from the base
C r/2 from the base
D r/π from the base
The centroid of a semicircle is located at a distance of 4r/3π from the base, where r is the radius. This is derived using integration methods.
What is the formula for calculating the center of gravity of a body?
A Sum of distances / Total volume
B Sum of forces / Total mass
C Sum of areas / Total length
D Sum of moments / Total weight
The center of gravity (CG) is calculated as the sum of the moments of individual weights divided by the total weight of the body. It is the point where the weight is balanced.
Which of the following is true for motion analysis?
A It applies only to rotational motion
B It ignores time
C It ignores Newton’s laws
D It studies displacement, velocity, and acceleration
Motion analysis involves studying the displacement, velocity, and acceleration of objects over time. It uses kinematic equations to describe motion.
What is the primary focus of particle dynamics?
A Study of material properties
B Study of fluid flow
C Study of rotational motion
D Study of motion of point masses
Particle dynamics focuses on the motion of point masses (particles) under the influence of forces. It uses Newton’s laws to analyze translational motion.
What is the formula for calculating the moment of a couple?
A Force × Time
B Force × Distance between forces
C Force / Distance between forces
D Force / Time
The moment of a couple is calculated as the product of one of the forces and the perpendicular distance between the two forces M = F × d.
Which of the following is true for rigid body mechanics?
A It assumes no deformation under load
B It considers deformation under load
C It applies only to fluids
D It ignores rotational motion
Rigid body mechanics assumes that the body does not deform under load. It analyzes both translational and rotational motion using equilibrium and dynamics principles.
What is the primary goal of stability analysis?
A To calculate material properties
B To measure vibrations
C To determine fluid flow
D To ensure a structure does not collapse
Stability analysis ensures that a structure remains stable under applied loads and does not collapse. It evaluates factors like buckling, overturning, and sliding.
What is the natural frequency of a system?
A Frequency of applied force
B Frequency of damping
C Frequency at which it vibrates freely
D Frequency of resonance
The natural frequency is the frequency at which a system vibrates when disturbed from its equilibrium position without external forces. It depends on mass and stiffness.
What is the primary focus of structural integrity analysis?
A To ensure safety and durability
B To calculate material cost
C To determine aesthetic design
D To measure vibrations
Structural integrity analysis ensures that a structure can withstand applied loads without failure. It focuses on safety, durability, and performance under various conditions.
What is the principle of virtual work used for?
A To measure vibrations
B To determine fluid flow
C To analyze equilibrium of structures
D To calculate material properties
The principle of virtual work is used to analyze the equilibrium of structures by considering virtual displacements. It simplifies complex structural problems.
What is the primary focus of failure analysis?
A To identify causes of failure
B To measure vibrations
C To determine fluid flow
D To calculate material cost
Failure analysis investigates the causes of structural or material failure. It identifies design flaws, material defects, or external factors leading to failure.