Where are the Directive Principles of State Policy primarily set out?
A Part III
B Part V
C Part IV
D Part IVA
Answer: C. Part IV. Part IV contains the Directive Principles of State Policy.
Which article range broadly covers Part IV?
A Articles 36–51
B Articles 52–78
C Articles 79–122
D Articles 14–32
Answer: A. Articles 36–51. Part IV runs from Article 36 through Article 51, including inserted articles.
Can a court enforce the Directive Principles directly under Article 37?
A Only against citizens
B Yes, in every case
C Only in criminal cases
D No, not directly
Answer: D. No, not directly. Article 37 says the principles are not enforceable by any court.
Although courts cannot enforce them directly, what status does Article 37 give these principles?
A Optional policy advice
B Fundamental in governance
C Private obligations
D Temporary rules
Answer: B. Fundamental in governance. Article 37 calls the principles fundamental in the governance of the country.
Who has the duty to apply these principles while making laws?
A Private citizens
B The State
C Local voters
D Every company
Answer: B. The State. Article 37 places this duty on the State.
How does Article 36 define “the State” for Part IV?
A Municipal bodies alone
B Union Cabinet alone
C Courts alone
D Same meaning as Part III
Answer: D. Same meaning as Part III. Article 36 gives “the State” the same meaning as in Part III, unless context requires otherwise.
What broad aim does Article 38 set for the State?
A Promote people’s welfare
B Expand private ownership
C Centralise every service
D Limit public participation
Answer: A. Promote people’s welfare. Article 38 directs the State to promote welfare through a social order informed by justice.
Which forms of justice should inform national institutions under Article 38?
A Local, regional, global
B Private, commercial, family
C Social, economic, political
D Criminal, civil, military
Answer: C. Social, economic, political. Article 38 names social, economic, and political justice.
Which inequality does Article 38 specifically ask the State to minimise?
A Regional customs
B Language differences
C Religious diversity
D Income inequality
Answer: D. Income inequality. Article 38(2) specifically mentions minimising inequalities in income.
Beyond income, which disparities should the State seek to eliminate?
A Language, faith, customs
B Status, facilities, opportunities
C Age, family, residence
D Trade, tax, transport
Answer: B. Status, facilities, opportunities. Article 38(2) names inequalities in status, facilities, and opportunities.
Across which populations does Article 38(2) address inequalities?
A Only urban residents
B Only public employers
C Individuals and groups
D Only elected members
Answer: C. Individuals and groups. It addresses individuals and groups in different areas or occupations.
What livelihood principle appears in Article 39(a)?
A Adequate means of livelihood
B Universal pension
C Guaranteed private employment
D Equal business ownership
Answer: A. Adequate means of livelihood. Article 39(a) directs policy toward adequate livelihood for men and women equally.
Under Article 39(b), how should community resources be distributed?
A To serve the common good
B To maximise private profit
C To favour one region
D To avoid public use
Answer: A. To serve the common good. Article 39(b) says material resources should be distributed to best serve the common good.
What economic outcome does Article 39(c) seek to prevent?
A Every business merger
B Public investment
C Concentration of wealth
D All private savings
Answer: C. Concentration of wealth. Article 39(c) addresses concentration of wealth and means of production to the common detriment.
Equal pay for equal work is stated in which provision?
A Article 48A
B Article 39(d)
C Article 40
D Article 43B
Answer: B. Article 39(d). Article 39(d) directs equal pay for equal work for men and women.
What does Article 39(e) seek to protect from abuse?
A Private business profits
B Public monuments
C Election campaigns
D Workers’ health and strength
Answer: D. Workers’ health and strength. Article 39(e) addresses workers’ health and strength and children’s tender age.
Why should people not be forced into unsuitable work under Article 39(e)?
A Regional preference
B Public competition
C Economic necessity
D Family tradition
Answer: C. Economic necessity. It addresses people forced by economic necessity into work unsuited to their age or strength.
Which concern about children and youth appears in Article 39(f)?
A Private property rights
B Compulsory military service
C Uniform school uniforms
D Healthy growth and protection
Answer: D. Healthy growth and protection. Article 39(f) concerns children’s healthy development and protection of youth against exploitation and abandonment.
Equal justice and free legal aid are addressed by which article?
A Article 39A
B Article 39
C Article 41
D Article 44
Answer: A. Article 39A. Article 39A concerns equal justice and free legal aid.
What local institutions does Article 40 ask the State to organise?
A State legislatures
B Village panchayats
C Trade unions
D District courts
Answer: B. Village panchayats. Article 40 directs the State to organise village panchayats as units of self-government.
Rights to work, education, and public assistance appear in which article?
A Article 41
B Article 45
C Article 42
D Article 43
Answer: A. Article 41. Article 41 addresses work, education, and public assistance in specified cases.
What condition qualifies the State’s responsibilities under Article 41?
A Annual population size
B Foreign policy priorities
C Local election results
D Economic capacity and development
Answer: D. Economic capacity and development. Article 41 qualifies these responsibilities by the State’s economic capacity and development.
Which situations are named for public assistance under Article 41?
A Marriage, relocation, training
B Promotion, retirement, leave
C Unemployment, old age, sickness
D Travel, housing, tuition
Answer: C. Unemployment, old age, sickness. Article 41 lists unemployment, old age, sickness, disablement, and undeserved want.
Humane work conditions and maternity relief are grouped in which article?
A Article 46
B Article 42
C Article 39A
D Article 43A
Answer: B. Article 42. Article 42 concerns just and humane work conditions and maternity relief.
What standard of pay does Article 43 promote for workers?
A A fixed bonus
B A minimum pension
C A profit share
D A living wage
Answer: D. A living wage. Article 43 refers to a living wage and a decent standard of life.
Where does Article 43 encourage cottage industries?
A Industrial ports
B University campuses
C Rural areas
D Capital cities
Answer: C. Rural areas. Article 43 promotes cottage industries in rural areas, individually or cooperatively.
Workers’ participation in management of industries appears in which article?
A Article 47
B Article 43A
C Article 43
D Article 44
Answer: B. Article 43A. Article 43A concerns workers’ participation in management of industries.
Which principles are named for cooperative societies in Article 43B?
A Voluntary, autonomous, democratic
B Centralised, compulsory, commercial
C Private, exclusive, hereditary
D Temporary, regional, informal
Answer: A. Voluntary, autonomous, democratic. Article 43B names voluntary formation, autonomous functioning, democratic control, and professional management.
A Uniform Civil Code throughout India is a goal under which article?
A Article 46
B Article 44
C Article 48
D Article 45
Answer: B. Article 44. Article 44 directs the State to endeavour to secure a Uniform Civil Code throughout India.
Until what age does Article 45 address early childhood care and education?
A Until age six
B Until age eighteen
C Until age ten
D Until age fourteen
Answer: A. Until age six. Article 45 concerns care and education until children complete six years.
Which communities receive specific attention under Article 46?
A All elected officials
B Only urban workers
C All business owners
D Scheduled Castes and Tribes
Answer: D. Scheduled Castes and Tribes. Article 46 promotes educational and economic interests of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.
Article 46 also seeks to protect weaker sections from what?
A Traffic congestion
B Election disputes
C Social injustice and exploitation
D Foreign competition
Answer: C. Social injustice and exploitation. Article 46 directs protection from social injustice and all forms of exploitation.
Nutrition, living standards, and public health feature in which article?
A Article 50
B Article 45
C Article 47
D Article 48A
Answer: C. Article 47. Article 47 names nutrition, standard of living, and public health among State duties.
What policy does Article 47 mention regarding intoxicating substances?
A Promote unrestricted sale
B Prohibit harmful consumption
C Tax every medicine
D Ban all food products
Answer: B. Prohibit harmful consumption. Article 47 refers to prohibiting intoxicating drinks and injurious drugs, except for medicinal purposes.
Modern and scientific organisation of agriculture and animal husbandry appears in which article?
A Article 49
B Article 51
C Article 47
D Article 48
Answer: D. Article 48. Article 48 directs the State to organise agriculture and animal husbandry on modern and scientific lines.
What does Article 48 ask the State to do about cattle breeds?
A Preserve and improve them
B Restrict all breeding
C Export every local breed
D Replace them with imports
Answer: A. Preserve and improve them. Article 48 calls for preserving and improving breeds.
Which animals are explicitly named in Article 48’s slaughter provision?
A Horses, camels, goats
B Wildlife, birds, fish
C Dogs, cats, horses
D Cows, calves, milch cattle
Answer: D. Cows, calves, milch cattle. Article 48 mentions cows and calves and other milch and draught cattle.
Protecting and improving the environment is addressed by which article?
A Article 48A
B Article 49
C Article 50
D Article 48
Answer: A. Article 48A. Article 48A concerns protecting and improving the environment and safeguarding forests and wildlife.
Forests and wildlife are expressly named in which directive?
A Article 51
B Article 48A
C Article 43B
D Article 45
Answer: B. Article 48A. Article 48A expressly mentions forests and wildlife.
Which constitutional provision concerns nationally important monuments?
A Article 48A
B Article 50
C Article 49
D Article 51
Answer: C. Article 49. Article 49 directs protection of monuments and places declared nationally important.
What institution must be separated from the executive under Article 50?
A The judiciary
B The police
C The civil service
D The legislature
Answer: A. The judiciary. Article 50 calls for separation of the judiciary from the executive in State public services.
International peace and security are promoted under which article?
A Article 48
B Article 50
C Article 51
D Article 49
Answer: C. Article 51. Article 51 directs the State to promote international peace and security.
Which international obligations should the State foster respect for?
A Private contracts only
B Local customs only
C Trade rules alone
D International law and treaties
Answer: D. International law and treaties. Article 51(c) asks the State to foster respect for international law and treaty obligations.
What kind of relations among nations does Article 51 promote?
A Military alliances only
B Just and honourable relations
C Cultural exchange alone
D Commercial relations only
Answer: B. Just and honourable relations. Article 51(b) promotes just and honourable relations among nations.
How does Article 51 encourage settlement of international disputes?
A By public referendum
B By arbitration
C By military action
D By trade restrictions
Answer: B. By arbitration. Article 51(d) encourages settlement of international disputes by arbitration.
Which item is not a Directive Principle in Part IV?
A Free legal aid
B Village panchayats
C Maternity relief
D Right to constitutional remedies
Answer: D. Right to constitutional remedies. The right to constitutional remedies is in Part III; the others appear in Part IV.
A programme expands free legal aid for people unable to access justice. Which provision aligns most directly?
A Article 42
B Article 49
C Article 39A
D Article 39(d)
Answer: C. Article 39A. Article 39A concerns equal justice and free legal aid.
A rural craft initiative supports household industries through cooperatives. Which principle is most relevant?
A Article 43
B Article 50
C Article 40
D Article 44
Answer: A. Article 43. Article 43 promotes cottage industries in rural areas, individually or cooperatively.
A workplace adopts humane conditions and maternity support. Which provision does this reflect?
A Article 41
B Article 43A
C Article 46
D Article 42
Answer: D. Article 42. Article 42 concerns humane work conditions and maternity relief.
Public assistance for older adults is planned within available resources. Which article best fits?
A Article 45
B Article 41
C Article 48A
D Article 39
Answer: B. Article 41. Article 41 includes public assistance in old age, subject to capacity and development.