Which logic gate is known as the universal gate?
A AND
B OR
C NAND
D XOR
The NAND gate is called a universal gate because it can be used to implement any other type of logic gate, including AND, OR, and NOT gates.
What is the decimal equivalent of the binary number 110111011101?
A 10
B 11
C 12
D 13
Binary 110111011101 is calculated as (1×2³)+(1×2²)+(0×2¹)+(1×2⁰)=13.
What is the output of an XNOR gate when both inputs are the same?
A 0
B 1
C Undefined
D Depends on inputs
An XNOR gate produces a high (1) output when both inputs are either 0 or 1, meaning they are the same.
Which Boolean algebra property is represented by A+B=B+A?
A Commutative Law
B Distributive Law
C Associative Law
D Absorption Law
The commutative property states that the order of variables does not affect the result of an OR or AND operation.
What is the primary function of a demultiplexer?
A Combine multiple inputs into one output
B Amplify the signal
C Divide one input into multiple outputs
D Store data
A demultiplexer takes a single input signal and distributes it to one of several outputs based on control signals.
What type of counter increments or decrements by one?
A Ring Counter
B Johnson Counter
C Up/Down Counter
D Asynchronous Counter
An up/down counter can increment (up) or decrement (down) its value by one, based on a control signal.
Which flip-flop is used in shift registers?
A D Flip-Flop
B JK Flip-Flop
C SR Flip-Flop
D T Flip-Flop
D flip-flops are commonly used in shift registers because they store and shift data in synchronization with clock pulses.
What is the purpose of a clock signal in synchronous circuits?
A To perform logical operations
B To control the speed of data processing
C To store data permanently
D To amplify signals
The clock signal ensures that all parts of the synchronous circuit operate in unison by providing a timing reference.
Which memory device loses data when power is turned off?
A ROM
B RAM
C Flash Memory
D EEPROM
RAM (Random Access Memory) is volatile memory that loses its stored data when the power supply is removed.
Which component is used for binary addition in a digital circuit?
A Multiplexer
B Decoder
C Half Adder
D Shift Register
A half adder performs the binary addition of two bits and produces a sum and carry output.
What is the simplified expression for A⋅(A+B) in Boolean algebra?
A A⋅B
B A+B
C 0
D A
Using the Absorption Law, A⋅(A+B) simplifies to A.
What is the main advantage of using Karnaugh maps?
A Designing circuits
B Minimizing Boolean expressions
C Storing data
D Generating clock signals
Karnaugh maps visually simplify Boolean expressions by grouping ones in the truth table, reducing the number of logic gates required.
What type of signal does an ADC convert into?
A Analog
B Digital
C Sinusoidal
D Binary only
An Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) converts continuous analog signals into discrete digital signals.
Which of the following is a volatile memory?
A ROM
B EEPROM
C RAM
D Flash Memory
RAM is volatile, meaning it loses stored information when power is turned off.
What is the primary difference between SRAM and DRAM?
A SRAM is faster and uses more power than DRAM
B DRAM is faster and uses less power than SRAM
C Both are non-volatile memories
D DRAM is more expensive than SRAM
SRAM is faster because it does not need refreshing, but it consumes more power and is more expensive than DRAM.
What is the function of a finite state machine (FSM)?
A Perform arithmetic operations
B Store data temporarily
C Model and control sequential logic
D Amplify signals
An FSM is a mathematical model used to design sequential circuits, transitioning between states based on input signals.
Which memory type is used for booting a computer?
A RAM
B ROM
C Cache Memory
D EEPROM
ROM contains firmware or bootloader programs needed to initialize the computer during startup.
What is the binary representation of -5 in 2’s complement for 4 bits?
A 1101
B 1011
C 1111
D 0101
To represent -5 in 2’s complement, take the binary for 5 (0101), invert the bits (1010), and add 1 (1101).
What is the purpose of a digital filter?
A Amplify the signal
B Perform logical operations
C Store data
D Remove unwanted frequency components
A digital filter processes digital signals to remove noise or unwanted frequency components.
What is the advantage of FPGA over traditional ICs?
A Fixed functionality
B Programmable for different applications
C Cheaper than microcontrollers
D Lower power consumption
FPGAs are programmable devices that can be reconfigured for different applications, making them versatile compared to fixed-function ICs.