Under the 2019 Act, what makes a buyer a consumer?
A Business bulk purchase
B Goods for resale
C Purchase for consideration
D Free personal use
Answer: C. Purchase for consideration. The Act generally covers a person who buys goods for consideration, including promised or deferred payment.
Does shopping online remove consumer protection?
A No, online transactions count
B Only for apps
C Yes, in every case
D Only after delivery
Answer: A. No, online transactions count. The Act's consumer definition includes transactions made through electronic means.
Which activity may still qualify as personal livelihood use?
A Corporate procurement
B Self-employment livelihood
C Large-scale resale
D Factory production
Answer: B. Self-employment livelihood. Use of goods exclusively to earn a livelihood through self-employment is excepted from the commercial-purpose exclusion.
When may another person using purchased goods qualify?
A Only at home
B With buyer approval
C Only through a contract
D After seller consent
Answer: B. With buyer approval. An approved user of goods may be included in the statutory consumer definition.
Which right supports informed purchase decisions?
A Right to resale
B Right to branding
C Right to secrecy
D Right to information
Answer: D. Right to information. Consumers have a right to be informed about quality, quantity, standard, purity, price, and other relevant particulars.
Which right addresses hazardous products?
A Right to safety
B Right to credit
C Right to branding
D Right to bargaining
Answer: A. Right to safety. The right to safety protects consumers against goods and services hazardous to life and property.
Faulty goods and poor services are described by which pair?
A Fraud and breach
B Loss and liability
C Damage and default
D Defect and deficiency
Answer: D. Defect and deficiency. The Act uses defect for goods and deficiency for services.
Where can a consumer file based on personal residence?
A Only seller's city
B Only capital city
C Only product's origin
D Consumer's residence or work
Answer: D. Consumer's residence or work. Territorial jurisdiction can include the place where the complainant resides or personally works for gain.
Which value guides pecuniary jurisdiction under the 2021 rules?
A Product's list price
B Seller's annual revenue
C Consideration paid
D Claimed compensation only
Answer: C. Consideration paid. The 2021 jurisdiction rules use the value of goods or services paid as consideration.
Which amount falls within District Commission jurisdiction?
A Above ₹2 crore
B No monetary limit
C Up to ₹50 lakh
D Up to ₹2 crore
Answer: C. Up to ₹50 lakh. District Commissions hear cases where consideration paid does not exceed ₹50 lakh under the 2021 jurisdiction rules.
What range falls within State Commission jurisdiction?
A Any amount
B Up to ₹50 lakh
C Above ₹50 lakh–₹2 crore
D Above ₹2 crore
Answer: C. Above ₹50 lakh–₹2 crore. State Commission jurisdiction covers consideration above ₹50 lakh and up to ₹2 crore under the 2021 rules.
What happens if admissibility is not decided within 21 days?
A Complaint is deemed admitted
B Case moves to court
C A new fee applies
D Complaint is rejected
Answer: A. Complaint is deemed admitted. A complaint is deemed admitted if its admissibility is not decided within 21 days.
What is the usual complaint limitation period?
A Two years
B Ten years
C One year
D Five years
Answer: A. Two years. A consumer complaint is ordinarily filed within two years from the cause of action.
Which group may file for consumers sharing one interest?
A Only company directors
B Consumers with same interest
C One interested trader
D Only foreign sellers
Answer: B. Consumers with same interest. One or more consumers may file where numerous consumers have the same interest.
Which authority protects consumers as a class?
A Central Consumer Protection Authority
B National Consumer Helpline
C Legal Metrology Office
D District Consumer Commission
Answer: A. Central Consumer Protection Authority. The CCPA protects consumer rights as a class and addresses unfair trade practices and misleading advertisements.
Which price allegation can support a complaint?
A Price shown in a catalogue
B Discount below cost
C Charged above lawful price
D Price changed seasonally
Answer: C. Charged above lawful price. Charging above a price fixed by law, displayed, or agreed can be a ground for complaint.
Who may complain after a consumer's death?
A Any nearby trader
B The seller's agent
C Only a regulator
D Legal heir or representative
Answer: D. Legal heir or representative. A legal heir or legal representative may complain in case of the consumer's death.
What does product liability address?
A Store opening hours
B Harm from defective products
C Product advertising reach
D Routine price changes
Answer: B. Harm from defective products. Product liability concerns compensation for harm caused by a defective product or related service deficiency.
Which remedy may a Commission order?
A Refund or replacement
B Business license transfer
C Automatic imprisonment
D Guaranteed future profit
Answer: A. Refund or replacement. Relief can include refund, replacement, removal of defects, compensation, or other statutory remedies.
What is a service deficiency?
A A new advertising style
B A retail discount
C A shortcoming in service
D A low product price
Answer: C. A shortcoming in service. Deficiency means a fault, imperfection, shortcoming, or inadequacy in the quality or manner of a service.
Which right lets consumers present their interests?
A Right to conceal
B Right to be heard
C Right to resell
D Right to advertise
Answer: B. Right to be heard. The right to be heard ensures consumer interests receive due consideration at appropriate forums.
Who may be a consumer for a hired service?
A Only the account holder
B Approved service beneficiary
C Only the service provider
D Any unrelated visitor
Answer: B. Approved service beneficiary. An approved beneficiary of a service hired for consideration may fall within the definition.
What is the main role of Consumer Commissions?
A Regulate every profession
B Issue trade licenses
C Set company tax rates
D Redress consumer disputes
Answer: D. Redress consumer disputes. The District, State, and National Commissions provide consumer dispute redressal.
Which transaction channel is expressly covered?
A Electronic transactions
B Only shop purchases
C Only cash purchases
D Only domestic travel
Answer: A. Electronic transactions. The Act includes online transactions and other electronic means.
When did the 2019 Act come into force?
A 1 January 2021
B 1 April 2019
C 9 August 2019
D 20 July 2020
Answer: D. 20 July 2020. The Act was notified in 2019 and came into force on 20 July 2020.
Which consumer right supports access to varied goods at competitive prices?
A Right to choose
B Right to privacy
C Right to credit
D Right to secrecy
Answer: A. Right to choose. The Act recognizes access, wherever possible, to a variety of goods, products, or services at competitive prices.
Which statutory right lets consumers seek remedies for unfair practices and exploitation?
A Right to advertise
B Right to seek redressal
C Right to resell
D Right to secrecy
Answer: B. Right to seek redressal. The Act includes the right to seek redressal against unfair or restrictive trade practices and unscrupulous exploitation.
What qualifies as e-commerce under the 2019 Act?
A Cash sales only
B Storefront leasing only
C Paper billing only
D Buying or selling online
Answer: D. Buying or selling online. The Act defines e-commerce as buying or selling goods or services, including digital products, over digital or electronic networks.
Which authority enforces consumer rights as a class?
A District Consumer Commission
B National Consumer Helpline
C Central Consumer Protection Authority
D Consumer Protection Council
Answer: C. Central Consumer Protection Authority. The Central Consumer Protection Authority regulates violations of consumer rights, unfair trade practices, and misleading advertisements affecting consumers as a class.
Unlike the CCPA, what role do Consumer Protection Councils mainly perform?
A Impose criminal sentences
B Register private contracts
C Provide advisory guidance
D Issue building permits
Answer: C. Provide advisory guidance. Consumer Protection Councils advise on promotion and protection of consumer rights; the CCPA has statutory enforcement functions.
If a consumer is a minor, who may file a complaint for them?
A Product manufacturer
B Parent or legal guardian
C Retail employee
D Any online seller
Answer: B. Parent or legal guardian. The Act recognizes a minor consumer’s parent or legal guardian as a complainant.
How does the Act define the form of a consumer complaint?
A An oral request only
B A notarized contract
C An allegation in writing
D A police report
Answer: C. An allegation in writing. Section 2 defines a complaint as an allegation in writing seeking relief provided by or under the Act.
What makes a complaint a consumer dispute under the Act?
A Consumer changes the product
B Seller offers a discount
C A mediator is appointed
D Respondent denies the allegations
Answer: D. Respondent denies the allegations. A consumer dispute exists when the person complained against denies or disputes the allegations in the complaint.
What characterizes an unfair contract under the Act?
A Every price increase
B Any online transaction
C Terms significantly alter consumer rights
D A written warranty
Answer: C. Terms significantly alter consumer rights. The Act defines an unfair contract as one whose terms cause a significant change in the consumer’s rights.
Which conduct can qualify as an unfair trade practice?
A Accurate price display
B Optional product warranty
C False claim about product quality
D Ordinary seasonal discount
Answer: C. False claim about product quality. The Act treats false representations about a product’s standard, quality, quantity, or other attributes as unfair trade practices.
What action may the CCPA take for unsafe goods?
A Set a retail price
B Recall goods and reimburse consumers
C Cancel every license
D Transfer product ownership
Answer: B. Recall goods and reimburse consumers. For dangerous or unsafe goods, the CCPA may direct recall or withdrawal and refund of prices to purchasers, subject to the Act.
Against whom may a product-liability action be brought?
A Only a retail customer
B Only a mediator
C Only a local authority
D Manufacturer, seller, or service provider
Answer: D. Manufacturer, seller, or service provider. Sections 82 and 83 permit product-liability actions against a product manufacturer, product seller, or product service provider, as applicable.
Which manufacturer problem may trigger product liability?
A Manufacturing or design defect
B Routine price change
C Late store opening
D A missing discount
Answer: A. Manufacturing or design defect. Section 84 lists manufacturing defects, design defects, deviations from specifications, warranty failures, and inadequate instructions or warnings as possible grounds.
What must be connected to a product-liability claim under the Act?
A A change in market price
B A delayed store opening
C A competitor’s advertisement
D Harm from a defective product
Answer: D. Harm from a defective product. The Act’s product-liability chapter concerns harm caused by a defective product, subject to the chapter’s conditions.
Which service-provider failure may support product liability?
A A higher seasonal price
B Missing safety warnings
C An expired store coupon
D A delayed invoice
Answer: B. Missing safety warnings. Section 85 includes failure to issue adequate instructions or warnings to prevent harm among possible grounds against a product service provider.
Is a non-manufacturer product seller automatically liable for every product injury?
A Yes, in every case
B No; statutory conditions apply
C Only when price rises
D Only after mediation
Answer: B. No; statutory conditions apply. Section 86 sets specific conditions for liability of a product seller who is not the manufacturer.
Which medium does the Act’s advertising definition expressly include?
A Handwritten notes only
B Private family letters
C Internet and websites
D Unpublished drafts
Answer: C. Internet and websites. The Act’s definition of advertisement includes publicity or representation made through electronic media, the internet, or a website.
What can a Consumer Commission award for proven consumer loss?
A A trade license
B A tax refund
C A building permit
D Compensation
Answer: D. Compensation. Consumer Commissions may award compensation and other reliefs authorized by the Act when a complaint succeeds.
When may a Commission refer an admitted dispute to mediation?
A Possible settlement; parties consent
B The seller refuses every remedy
C Product out of stock
D A complaint is withdrawn
Answer: A. Possible settlement; parties consent. The Commission may propose mediation when settlement appears possible and refer the matter after the parties give written consent.
After parties settle through mediation, how does the Commission formalize it?
A By issuing a criminal warrant
B By registering a new company
C By setting a market price
D By recording a settlement order
Answer: D. By recording a settlement order. When mediation produces a settlement, the Commission records it and passes an order in accordance with the Act.
Which bodies form the consumer-dispute commission hierarchy?
A Village, City, Federal Courts
B District, State, National Commissions
C Police, Courts, Tribunals
D Council, Authority, Ministry
Answer: B. District, State, National Commissions. The Act establishes District, State, and National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commissions.
Where are consumer mediation cells attached under the Act?
A At Consumer Commissions
B At every retail store
C At police stations
D At private banks
Answer: A. At Consumer Commissions. The Act provides for mediation cells attached to District and State Commissions and to the National Commission and its regional benches.
Which consumer right covers learning about consumer protection?
A Right to consumer awareness
B Right to resale
C Right to secrecy
D Right to trade
Answer: A. Right to consumer awareness. The Act lists the right to consumer awareness among consumer rights.
Which record can help show what a consumer bought and paid?
A A product advertisement
B Invoice or receipt
C A seller’s logo
D A delivery route
Answer: B. Invoice or receipt. An invoice or receipt can help document the transaction and amount paid when pursuing a complaint.
What may the CCPA direct when an advertisement is false or misleading?
A Stop or modify the ad
B Raise the advertised price
C Transfer the product title
D Extend every warranty
Answer: A. Stop or modify the ad. The Act empowers the CCPA to direct discontinuance or modification of false or misleading advertisements.