Under NIST’s IoT device definition, what links it to digital networks?
A Output actuator
B Local display
C Network interface
D Sensing element
Answer: C. Network interface. NIST defines an IoT device as having a transducer and a network interface that connects it to the digital world.
Inside a sensor node, which part measures a physical condition?
A Gateway
B Actuator
C Broker
D Sensor
Answer: D. Sensor. A sensor detects or measures a physical quantity such as temperature, pressure, or motion.
When a system must move a valve, which component performs the action?
A Actuator
B Gateway
C Transducer
D Broker
Answer: A. Actuator. An actuator changes a physical condition; a valve actuator can control fluid flow.
At a building entrance, what can forward sensor traffic to another network?
A Actuator
B Firmware
C Battery
D Gateway
Answer: D. Gateway. A gateway can connect local IoT devices to another network and forward their data.
Processing readings near their source is called what?
A Desktop computing
B Batch processing
C Cloud computing
D Edge computing
Answer: D. Edge computing. Edge computing processes data close to where it is generated, often reducing delay and traffic.
Remote equipment mainly sends what through telemetry?
A Login tokens
B Firmware images
C Measured data
D Power commands
Answer: C. Measured data. Telemetry carries measurements or status information from remote equipment to a monitoring system.
In a smart thermostat, which component measures room temperature?
A Light sensor
B Temperature sensor
C Pressure sensor
D Proximity sensor
Answer: B. Temperature sensor. A temperature sensor measures the room condition used by the thermostat’s control logic.
To convert an analog sensor voltage, which circuit produces digital values?
A Timer circuit
B Analog-to-digital converter
C Digital-to-analog converter
D Relay driver
Answer: B. Analog-to-digital converter. An analog-to-digital converter samples an analog voltage and represents it as digital values.
How can an application distinguish one device from another?
A Broker topic
B Packet checksum
C Gateway route
D Device identifier
Answer: D. Device identifier. A unique device identifier lets an application or inventory system refer to a particular device.
During calibration, what reading is compared with a known reference?
A Network address
B Power rating
C Firmware version
D Sensor reading
Answer: D. Sensor reading. Calibration compares a sensor’s measurement with a reference so its accuracy can be assessed or adjusted.
Inside a smart device, what commonly runs embedded control tasks?
A Microcontroller
B Core router
C Cloud server
D Database server
Answer: A. Microcontroller. A microcontroller executes embedded software and controls local device inputs and outputs.
Which item acts as an actuator rather than a sensor?
A Pressure cell
B Thermistor
C Motor
D Photodiode
Answer: C. Motor. A motor converts electrical input into physical movement, so it acts as an actuator.
When a sensor reports 24 °C, what data does it send?
A Login credential
B Temperature reading
C Control command
D Route update
Answer: B. Temperature reading. The value 24 °C is a measurement of temperature reported by the sensor.
What does a connected water meter primarily report?
A Room brightness
B Water usage
C Network traffic
D Air pressure
Answer: B. Water usage. A connected water meter measures and reports water consumption.
Within a sensor-actuator loop, what processes measured input?
A Actuator
B Broker
C Controller
D Sensor
Answer: C. Controller. The controller evaluates sensor input and decides what output the actuator should produce.
Between reports, what mode can save battery radio energy?
A High-power broadcast
B Continuous polling
C Maximum scan
D Sleep mode
Answer: D. Sleep mode. A low-power sleep mode reduces radio activity between scheduled reports.
Before sending data onward, which local component can buffer it?
A Gateway
B Display panel
C Actuator
D RFID tag
Answer: A. Gateway. A gateway may temporarily buffer readings before forwarding them over an available uplink.
Why does an IoT node need a network interface?
A Measure humidity
B Exchange digital data
C Supply all power
D Display graphics
Answer: B. Exchange digital data. A network interface lets the device communicate with other digital systems.
For motion-triggered lighting, which input detects movement?
A Motion sensor
B Relay coil
C Power regulator
D Light actuator
Answer: A. Motion sensor. A motion sensor detects movement and can trigger the lighting controller.
In automated irrigation, what applies the watering command?
A Valve actuator
B Weather feed
C Water meter
D Soil sensor
Answer: A. Valve actuator. The valve actuator physically opens or closes water flow when commanded.
What does device firmware provide?
A Network address
B Stored readings
C Embedded instructions
D Physical measurements
Answer: C. Embedded instructions. Firmware is software stored on a device that controls its embedded functions.
If an edge node filters readings, what may fall?
A Device identity
B Transmitted data
C Sensor range
D Battery capacity
Answer: B. Transmitted data. Filtering can discard irrelevant readings locally, reducing the amount sent across the network.
Name a quantity commonly measured by an IoT sensor.
A File size
B Screen resolution
C Humidity
D Account balance
Answer: C. Humidity. Humidity is a physical environmental condition commonly measured by connected sensors.
Which component converts physical conditions into signals?
A Broker
B Database
C Router
D Transducer
Answer: D. Transducer. A transducer converts a physical quantity into a measurable signal, or an electrical signal into physical action.
After sensing, what usually occurs in a basic IoT flow?
A Local processing
B Account billing
C User registration
D Manual printing
Answer: A. Local processing. A device or nearby controller typically processes sensed data before forwarding or acting on it.