What is the function of an analog-to-digital converter (ADC)?
A To amplify analog signals
B To convert analog signals to digital signals
C To convert digital signals to analog signals
D To filter noise from analog signals
An ADC converts continuous analog signals into discrete digital values for processing in digital systems, such as microcontrollers or computers.
What is the purpose of a digital-to-analog converter (DAC)?
A To amplify digital signals
B To filter noise in analog systems
C To convert digital signals into analog signals
D To convert analog signals into digital signals
A DAC takes digital inputs and converts them into corresponding analog voltages or currents, often used in audio and video applications.
Which component is essential in analog circuit design for voltage amplification?
A Resistor
B Transistor
C Diode
D Capacitor
Transistors are widely used for amplifying voltages and currents in analog circuits. They operate in active regions to provide gain.
What is SPICE simulation primarily used for?
A Testing physical hardware
B Designing mechanical systems
C Simulating electronic circuits
D Measuring temperature
SPICE (Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis) is used for simulating and analyzing electronic circuits, helping designers optimize circuit performance.
What is thermal stability in analog circuits?
A Stability of the input signal
B Ability to dissipate heat effectively
C Resistance to noise
D Capability to maintain performance despite temperature changes
Thermal stability ensures that circuit parameters, such as gain and operating points, remain stable despite variations in temperature.
What type of amplifier is used to increase the strength of weak signals?
A Power amplifier
B Voltage amplifier
C Differential amplifier
D Buffer amplifier
Voltage amplifiers boost weak input signals to higher levels, ensuring proper processing in subsequent stages.
What is the resolution of an ADC?
A The time it takes to convert a signal
B The smallest change in input signal it can detect
C The range of input signal it can handle
D The noise immunity of the ADC
The resolution of an ADC defines the smallest analog input change it can detect, usually expressed in bits.
Which parameter is critical in ensuring DAC accuracy?
A Slew rate
B Linearity
C Gain-bandwidth product
D Impedance
DAC linearity ensures the digital-to-analog conversion produces outputs proportional to the digital inputs, minimizing errors.
What is the purpose of hardware testing in analog circuits?
A To amplify signals
B To ensure the circuit operates as expected under real-world conditions
C To simulate circuit behavior
D To reduce noise
Hardware testing involves verifying the functionality, performance, and reliability of a circuit after its physical implementation.
Which factor impacts thermal stability in transistors?
A Bandwidth
B Heat dissipation
C Power gain
D Frequency response
Heat dissipation affects thermal stability, as excessive heat can shift the operating point, potentially leading to thermal runaway in transistors.
Which ADC type is the fastest for high-speed applications?
A Successive Approximation ADC
B Flash ADC
C Delta-Sigma ADC
D Integrating ADC
Flash ADCs use parallel comparators to provide rapid conversions, making them suitable for high-speed applications like video and communication systems.
What is the primary drawback of flash ADCs?
A Low speed
B High power consumption and complexity
C Limited resolution
D Slow conversion rates
Flash ADCs require a large number of comparators for higher resolution, increasing power consumption and design complexity.
What does “signal amplification” refer to in analog circuits?
A Increasing signal power, voltage, or current
B Reducing noise
C Converting AC to DC
D Generating new signals
Signal amplification enhances the amplitude of input signals to drive loads or subsequent stages effectively.
Which type of DAC is most accurate for high-resolution applications?
A Binary-weighted DAC
B R-2R Ladder DAC
C Flash DAC
D PWM DAC
R-2R ladder DACs are preferred for high-resolution applications due to their simplicity and high accuracy.
Which SPICE analysis type is used to study frequency response?
A DC analysis
B AC analysis
C Transient analysis
D Noise analysis
AC analysis in SPICE evaluates the frequency response of a circuit by determining its behavior at different frequencies.