1. A “node” in a transport network typically refers to a

A) Mountain peak

B) River source

C) Desert dune

D) Junction or terminal

2. Road transport is best for goods delivery within cities because it

A) Needs fixed tracks

B) Uses sea routes

C) Avoids traffic always

D) Fits dense streets

3. Freight movement is faster when transport networks are

A) Well integrated

B) Disconnected

C) Only seasonal

D) Only rural

4. “Trade connectivity” becomes stronger when ports are linked well with

A) Forest tracks

B) Sand dunes

C) Only footpaths

D) Rail and roads

5. An industry that is both heavy and power-intensive is most likely

A) Garment stitching

B) Handloom weaving

C) Aluminium smelting

D) Retail grocery shop

6. “External economies” from clustering most directly include

A) Lower rainfall variability

B) Higher soil nutrients

C) Reduced mountain erosion

D) Shared supplier services

7. An example of primary sector activity is

A) Fishing in a river

B) Software development job

C) Insurance agent work

D) School teaching job

8. Which forest product is most directly used as fodder for animals in villages

A) Plastic ropes only

B) Stone powder bags

C) Leaves and grasses

D) Metal wire coils

9. Which landform is most closely tied to “fault scarp” formation

A) Delta front slope

B) Beach sand bar

C) Block mountain edge

D) Floodplain belt

10. Earthquakes at mid-ocean ridges are usually

A) Deep focus only

B) Always strongest

C) Shallow focus

D) Never recorded

11. A transform boundary is best identified where plates

A) Move apart slowly

B) Slide past sideways

C) One sinks beneath

D) Melt into magma

12. The “event horizon” is best described as the

A) Outer ring area

B) Comet tail edge

C) Point of no return

D) Galaxy’s bright core

13. Which situation best shows “demographic dividend wasted”

A) Jobless youth large

B) Elderly share rising

C) Fertility declining

D) Death rate falling

14. Which is a likely push factor from villages

A) Lack of local jobs

B) Better city hospitals

C) Higher city salaries

D) More colleges nearby

15. Mangroves are most commonly found in delta and estuary areas where freshwater mixes with seawater

A) Snow basins

B) High plateaus

C) Dry interiors

D) Deltas and estuaries

16. Mangrove forests mainly grow in coastal areas influenced by tides and salty water

A) Dry inland plains

B) Tidal salty zones

C) Snow-covered slopes

D) Rocky plateaus

17. The northeast monsoon is sometimes called “retreating monsoon” because it occurs

A) Before summer begins

B) After southwest withdraws

C) During peak winter

D) During spring only

18. Ocean currents can influence coastal climate mainly by changing the nearby sea’s

A) Temperature conditions

B) Rock formation rate

C) River erosion speed

D) Soil mineral supply

19. Seasonal temperature change is strongest in India mainly in the

A) Coastal belt

B) Island regions

C) Equatorial seas

D) Northern interior

20. Which river is correctly linked with river-water sharing discussions because it flows across more than one southern state and is crucial for irrigation

A) Tapti River

B) Narmada River

C) Kaveri River

D) Mahanadi River

21. In basin planning, the most logical unit for integrated water management is the

A) Entire drainage basin

B) Only river mouth

C) Only city boundary

D) Only delta plain

22. One major cause of river pollution in cities is

A) Glacier melting only

B) Untreated sewage discharge

C) Rock weathering only

D) Sea tide mixing

23. If the longitudinal profile shows a sudden steep drop (knick point), it most strongly suggests

A) Delta progradation only

B) Strong tidal mixing

C) Recent rejuvenation event

D) Basin shrinkage

24. A lagoon is usually separated from sea by

A) High mountain ridge

B) Rift valley fault

C) Sandbar or spit

D) Lava rock wall

25. Total number of standard time zones on Earth is generally

A) 24 time zones

B) 18 time zones

C) 12 time zones

D) 36 time zones