What is the primary purpose of a substation in the power system?
A To generate electricity
B To step up or step down voltage levels
C To regulate current flow
D To increase power losses
Substations adjust voltage levels to ensure efficient transmission and safe distribution of electricity.
Which component in a substation interrupts fault currents?
A Transformer
B Circuit breaker
C Busbar
D Lightning arrester
Circuit breakers automatically disconnect faulted sections of the system to protect equipment and maintain reliability.
What is the function of a relay in substation protection?
A To step up voltage levels
B To detect faults and trigger protective devices
C To monitor energy storage
D To regulate frequency
Relays continuously monitor system parameters and send signals to circuit breakers to isolate faulty sections during abnormal conditions.
What is the primary purpose of a circuit breaker in a substation?
A To measure voltage
B To interrupt electrical flow during fault conditions
C To step down voltage
D To provide reactive power
Circuit breakers protect substation equipment by automatically interrupting the current during faults, preventing damage and maintaining system stability.
Which device provides reactive power to improve the power factor in substations?
A Transformer
B Capacitor bank
C Lightning arrester
D Relay
Capacitor banks supply reactive power to stabilize voltage and improve the system’s power factor.
What is SCADA in a substation?
A A system for storing electrical energy
B A real-time system for monitoring, control, and data acquisition
C A device to regulate reactive power
D A protocol for managing circuit breakers
SCADA systems enable real-time monitoring, control, and data collection for efficient substation operation.
What is insulation coordination in substations?
A Synchronizing transformers and relays
B Selecting appropriate insulation levels for equipment
C Regulating current flow
D Balancing power factor
Insulation coordination ensures substation equipment has adequate insulation to withstand operational and fault conditions.
What is the purpose of grounding systems in substations?
A To regulate current flow
B To provide a safe path for fault currents to the ground
C To step up voltage levels
D To improve insulation resistance
Grounding systems protect equipment and personnel by safely directing fault currents to the ground, reducing risks.
Which device protects substations from overvoltage caused by lightning?
A Circuit breaker
B Lightning arrester
C Relay
D Capacitor bank
Lightning arresters divert high-voltage surges caused by lightning strikes to the ground, protecting substation equipment.
What is the function of a capacitor bank in a substation?
A To measure current flow
B To provide reactive power and improve power factor
C To disconnect faulty sections
D To store electrical energy
Capacitor banks help stabilize voltage and improve power factor by supplying reactive power to the system.
What is substation automation?
A Manual monitoring of equipment
B Remote control and monitoring using intelligent devices
C A method to step up voltage levels
D A backup power system
Substation automation integrates digital technologies to enable remote monitoring and control, improving operational efficiency.
What is the purpose of a load dispatch center?
A To measure fault currents
B To monitor and control power generation and distribution
C To regulate insulation levels
D To step down voltage levels
Load dispatch centers manage power flow, ensuring efficient generation, transmission, and distribution to meet demand.
What is the role of fault isolation in a substation?
A To step up voltage levels
B To disconnect faulted sections while keeping the rest of the system operational
C To synchronize circuit breakers
D To reduce reactive power
Fault isolation ensures the faulty section is disconnected, preventing the spread of faults and maintaining system stability.
What is the typical voltage range for a high-voltage substation?
A Below 33 kV
B 220 kV and above
C 50 kV to 100 kV
D 11 kV to 33 kV
High-voltage substations typically handle voltages of 220 kV and above for efficient long-distance transmission.
Which device converts DC power from renewable energy sources to AC?
A Transformer
B Inverter
C Capacitor bank
D Lightning arrester
Inverters convert DC power from renewable energy sources like solar panels into AC, making it compatible with the power grid.
What is the purpose of an emergency shutdown system in a substation?
A To monitor voltage levels
B To safely disconnect the substation during critical situations
C To step up voltage levels
D To increase reactive power
Emergency shutdown systems protect personnel and equipment by quickly disconnecting power during emergencies like fires or severe faults.
Which test evaluates the insulation strength of substation equipment?
A Power factor test
B Insulation resistance test
C Relay coordination test
D Load test
Insulation resistance tests measure the dielectric strength of insulation, ensuring it can withstand operating and fault conditions.
What is the main feature of compact substations?
A They handle very high voltages
B They are fully enclosed and designed for space-constrained areas
C They eliminate the need for relays
D They are used only for renewable energy integration
Compact substations are ideal for urban environments where space is limited, offering fully enclosed systems in a small footprint.
What does substation reliability ensure?
A The ability to operate with minimal failures and interruptions
B The ability to operate continuously with minimal interruptions
C The integration of renewable energy sources
D The efficient regulation of current flow
Substation reliability ensures consistent power delivery, minimizing downtime and improving system performance.
What is a breaker timing test used for?
A To measure power factor
B To determine the operation speed of circuit breakers
C To regulate voltage levels
D To synchronize transformers
Breaker timing tests ensure that circuit breakers operate within the required time limits during fault conditions, maintaining system safety.