What is the term for the stress developed in a material due to a sudden change in cross-section?
A Residual Stress
B Stress Concentration
C Thermal Stress
D Shear Stress
Stress concentration occurs when there is a sudden change in the cross-section of a material, such as holes, notches, or sharp corners. This leads to a localized increase in stress, which can significantly affect the material’s strength.
Which of the following is true for a material with high hardness?
A Low resistance to indentation
B High ductility
C Low stiffness
D High resistance to indentation
Hardness is a measure of a material’s resistance to indentation or scratching. A material with high hardness, like diamond, resists deformation and penetration under applied force.
What is the term for the stress developed in a material due to uneven cooling after heating?
A Residual Stress
B Thermal Stress
C Shear Stress
D Bending Stress
Residual stress is the stress that remains in a material after uneven cooling or heating. It is often caused by manufacturing processes like welding, casting, or machining.
Which of the following is a measure of a material’s resistance to twisting?
A Modulus of Elasticity
B Shear Modulus
C Bulk Modulus
D Poisson’s Ratio
Shear modulus (or modulus of rigidity) measures a material’s resistance to twisting or shear deformation. It is defined as the ratio of shear stress to shear strain.
What is the term for the stress developed in a material due to axial compressive load?
A Tensile Stress
B Compressive Stress
C Shear Stress
D Bending Stress
Compressive stress is the stress developed in a material when subjected to an axial compressive load. It acts perpendicular to the cross-section and tends to shorten the material.
Which of the following is true for a material with high toughness?
A Low energy absorption
B High brittleness
C High energy absorption
D Low ductility
Toughness is the ability of a material to absorb energy and plastically deform without fracturing. A material with high toughness, like mild steel, can absorb significant energy before failure.
What is the term for the stress developed in a material due to sudden impact or shock loading?
A Impact Stress
B Creep Stress
C Fatigue Stress
D Residual Stress
Impact stress is the stress developed in a material due to sudden impact or shock loading. It is measured using impact tests like the Charpy or Izod test to determine the material’s ability to absorb energy during fracture.
Which of the following is a measure of a material’s resistance to volume change under pressure?
A Modulus of Elasticity
B Shear Modulus
C Bulk Modulus
D Poisson’s Ratio
Bulk modulus measures a material’s resistance to volume change under hydrostatic pressure. It is defined as the ratio of pressure to volumetric strain and is high for incompressible materials like water.
What is the term for the stress developed in a material due to uneven heating or cooling?
A Thermal Stress
B Residual Stress
C Shear Stress
D Bending Stress
Thermal stress is developed in a material due to uneven heating or cooling, causing differential expansion or contraction. It is common in materials subjected to high-temperature gradients.
Which of the following is true for a material with high modulus of elasticity?
A Low stiffness
B High flexibility
C High stiffness
D Low toughness
A material with a high modulus of elasticity has high stiffness, meaning it resists deformation under applied stress. Examples include steel and diamond, which are very rigid.
What is the term for the stress developed in a material due to combined bending and axial loading?
A Tensile Stress
B Compressive Stress
C Shear Stress
D Combined Stress
Combined stress is the stress developed in a material due to the simultaneous action of bending and axial loading. It is calculated using superposition principles.
Which of the following is a measure of a material’s ability to return to its original shape after deformation?
A Toughness
B Resilience
C Elasticity
D Ductility
Elasticity is the ability of a material to return to its original shape after deformation when the load is removed. It is a key property of materials like rubber and steel.
What is the term for the stress developed in a material due to sudden removal of load?
A Residual Stress
B Impact Stress
C Shock Stress
D Fatigue Stress
Shock stress is the stress developed in a material due to the sudden removal of load, causing rapid deformation. It is often observed in dynamic loading conditions.
Which of the following is true for a material with high Poisson’s ratio?
A Low lateral strain
B High lateral strain
C Low axial strain
D High axial strain
A material with high Poisson’s ratio exhibits high lateral strain compared to axial strain. For example, rubber has a Poisson’s ratio close to 0.5, indicating significant lateral expansion under axial compression.
What is the term for the stress developed in a material due to cyclic loading?
A Fatigue Stress
B Creep Stress
C Impact Stress
D Residual Stress
Fatigue stress is the stress developed in a material due to cyclic loading, leading to crack initiation and propagation. It is a major cause of failure in structures subjected to repeated loading.