What is stress in materials?
A Force per unit area
B Energy per unit volume
C Force per unit length
D Temperature change
What is strain?
A Material’s resistance to force
B Change in shape or size
C Force per unit area
D Energy per unit volume
What is Hooke’s Law?
A Force and area are proportional
B Stress and strain are proportional in elastic region
C Strain and energy are proportional
D Force and displacement are inversely proportional
What does shear stress cause?
A Bending
B Twisting
C Sliding between layers
D Elongation
What is modulus of elasticity?
A Stress to strain ratio
B Force per area
C Energy to deformation ratio
D Strain to stress ratio
What happens to a material at the yield point?
A Material fractures
B Material absorbs energy
C Material returns to original shape
D Permanent deformation begins
What is axial stress?
A Stress due to temperature change
B Stress along the axis of a material
C Stress due to twisting
D Stress due to shear force
What does Poisson’s ratio describe?
A Ratio of lateral to axial strain
B Stress distribution
C Strain distribution
D Stress versus temperature
What causes buckling in columns?
A Excessive bending
B Shear stress
C Compressive forces
D High temperature
What is the main result of plastic deformation?
A Permanent change in shape
B No change in shape
C Temporary change in shape
D Return to original shape
What is the primary function of strain energy?
A To store energy from deformation
B To improve material toughness
C To resist bending
D To resist shear forces
What does thermal stress result from?
A Material deformation
B Constant load
C Shear forces
D Change in temperature
What does the stress-strain curve illustrate?
A Force distribution in the material
B Material’s elasticity and plasticity
C Change in temperature with deformation
D Energy loss during deformation
What is the main property of a brittle material?
A High elasticity
B Sudden fracture without significant deformation
C High ductility
D High toughness
What does shear force in a beam indicate?
A Internal resistance to shear stress
B Force acting in the direction of the beam’s length
C Internal resistance to bending
D Load distribution along the beam