Beam deflection refers to the vertical displacement of a beam when it is subjected to a load. It depends on the beam’s material, shape, and the magnitude of the applied force.
What does shear stress cause in a material?
A Sliding between layers of the material
B Material fracture
C Twisting of the material
D Stretching of the material
Shear stress occurs when a force acts parallel to the surface of a material, causing its layers to slide over one another. It plays a key role in material deformation and failure.
What does the modulus of elasticity measure?
A Material’s strength
B Material’s toughness
C Material’s stiffness
D Material’s hardness
The modulus of elasticity (also called Young’s modulus) measures a material’s stiffness, indicating how much it deforms under a given stress. Higher values mean the material is stiffer and less deformable.
What does Poisson’s ratio describe?
A The ratio of stress to strain
B The ratio of elastic to plastic deformation
C The ratio of force to area
D The ratio of lateral to axial strain
Poisson’s ratio provides insight into how a material deforms under stress. It indicates the ratio of lateral strain (perpendicular to the force) to axial strain (in the direction of the force).
What happens to a material when it is subjected to axial loading?
A The material bends
B The material undergoes shear stress
C The material experiences elongation or compression
D The material deforms plastically
Axial loading applies force along the material’s axis, causing either elongation (tensile stress) or compression (compressive stress). It directly affects the length of the material along the applied force direction.
What is the characteristic of a thick-walled cylinder?
A Stress varies with radial position
B Uniform stress distribution across the wall
C No shear stress present
D Only compressive stress is present
In thick-walled cylinders, stress varies with the radial position, unlike thin-walled cylinders where stress is more uniformly distributed. This variation is critical for designing pressure vessels and pipes.
What is the main factor in determining axial stress in a material?
A Shape of the material
B Material’s temperature
C Material’s ductility
D Magnitude of applied force
Axial stress is determined by the magnitude of the force applied along the axis of the material, divided by its cross-sectional area. It directly influences the material’s deformation along the applied force direction.
What happens to the strain in a material when the modulus of elasticity increases?
A Strain becomes infinite
B Strain decreases for the same stress
C Strain increases for the same stress
D Strain remains unchanged
The modulus of elasticity measures the material’s resistance to deformation. For the same applied stress, materials with a higher modulus of elasticity will experience less strain, indicating higher stiffness.
What does a thin-walled cylinder experience under internal pressure?
A Radial stress only
B No stress developed
C Hoop stress greater than longitudinal stress
D Uniform stress distribution
In a thin-walled cylinder under internal pressure, hoop stress (circumferential stress) is greater than longitudinal stress. This is crucial for designing pressure vessels and determining their strength under internal pressure.
What happens to a material beyond the yield point?
A It experiences elastic deformation
B It returns to its original shape
C It fractures immediately
D It experiences permanent deformation
Beyond the yield point, a material undergoes plastic (permanent) deformation. This means that the material will not return to its original shape, and the deformation is irreversible.
What is the purpose of a shear force diagram?
A To predict the fracture point of a beam
B To determine internal shear forces at different points
C To calculate beam deflection
D To measure material toughness
A shear force diagram shows how the internal shear forces vary along the length of a beam under applied loads. It helps in understanding the distribution of shear stress within the structure.
What happens when shear stress exceeds the material’s shear strength?
A The material fractures or fails
B The material yields
C The material undergoes plastic deformation
D The material bends elastically
When shear stress exceeds the material’s shear strength, the material can fail or fracture, causing a sudden separation of its parts. This is critical in material design to avoid failure.
What is the role of the Poisson’s ratio in material behavior?
A Describes how a material stretches under load
B Determines the material’s hardness
C Defines the relationship between lateral and axial strain
D Defines the material’s toughness
Poisson’s ratio provides insight into how a material deforms under stress. It indicates the ratio of lateral strain (perpendicular to the force) to axial strain (in the direction of the force).
What type of stress is caused by a twisting force (torque)?
A Tensile stress
B Shear stress
C Compressive stress
D Bending stress
A twisting force, or torque, generates shear stress within a material. This stress acts along the plane of the material and causes it to twist or rotate, which is critical in shafts and other rotational components.
What is axial deformation in a material caused by?
A Axial forces (tension or compression)
B Shear forces
C Bending moments
D Thermal expansion
Axial deformation is the elongation or compression of a material due to axial forces applied along the length of the material. These forces result in either tensile stress (stretching) or compressive stress (shortening).