What is the primary purpose of a cable structure in steel design?
A Resist torsion
B Span long distances
C Provide stability
D Resist bending
Cable structures, such as suspension bridges and roofs, are designed to span long distances efficiently. The steel cables handle tensile forces, providing an ideal solution for large spans where other materials might be impractical.
Which of the following is commonly used to resist torsion in steel members?
A Stiffeners
B Cross bracing
C Gusset plates
D Shear connectors
Stiffeners are used to resist torsion in steel members by providing additional support and preventing twisting. They are particularly useful in structural components like girders and beams that are subjected to torsional loads.
What is the primary function of a diaphragm in an industrial shed?
A Provide insulation
B Distribute wind loads
C Support roof loads
D Resist lateral forces
Diaphragms in industrial sheds help resist lateral forces caused by wind or seismic activity. They act as horizontal bracing systems, distributing lateral forces throughout the structure to maintain stability.
What is the role of structural steel in high-rise buildings?
A Reduce cost
B Provide flexibility
C Provide strength
D Minimize weight
Steel is used in high-rise buildings primarily for its strength-to-weight ratio, allowing for taller buildings to support large vertical and lateral loads. Steel’s strength ensures the building’s stability under various forces.
Which of the following is a key characteristic of steel members used in earthquake-resistant structures?
A Low weight
B High ductility
C High stiffness
D Low ductility
Earthquake-resistant structures require steel members with high ductility, allowing them to absorb and dissipate energy during seismic events. Ductility ensures the steel can deform without breaking, preventing structural failure during earthquakes.
What is typically used to prevent torsional failure in steel beams?
A Lateral bracing
B Shear connectors
C Cross bracing
D Reinforced concrete
Lateral bracing is used to prevent torsional failure in steel beams by providing support against lateral displacement. It helps distribute forces evenly and enhances the stability of the beam under loading conditions.
What type of load do cable structures primarily resist?
A Compression loads
B Shear loads
C Tension loads
D Bending loads
Cable structures primarily resist tension loads, as they are designed to carry pulling forces. Steel cables are particularly suited for this function in applications like suspension bridges, tents, and other long-span structures.
Which of the following steel sections is commonly used in the construction of industrial sheds?
A I-sections
B H-sections
C T-sections
D Z-sections
Z-sections are commonly used in industrial shed construction due to their strength and ability to handle the required loads. Their shape allows for easy integration into framing systems and provides high resistance to bending.
What is the primary benefit of using high-strength steel in high-rise buildings?
A Reduced weight
B Durability
C Increased strength
D Aesthetic appeal
High-strength steel allows high-rise buildings to support large loads while reducing the overall weight of the structure. This helps optimize the design and reduces the size and cost of the foundation.
How does the dynamic response of steel structures differ from static response?
A Only external forces
B Loads vary over time
C No load variation
D Loads are constant
The dynamic response of steel structures refers to how they react to time-varying loads such as wind or seismic activity. Unlike static loads, dynamic loads cause the structure to move and vibrate, requiring analysis for stability.
What is the primary concern in designing steel structures for earthquake resistance?
A Wind load resistance
B Load-bearing capacity
C Flexibility and ductility
D Weight distribution
Earthquake-resistant designs focus on flexibility and ductility to allow structures to absorb seismic energy without failing. Steel is used for its ability to deform without breaking, allowing it to dissipate earthquake-induced forces.
What type of steel section is commonly used for columns in high-rise buildings?
A H-section
B C-section
C L-section
D I-section
H-sections (wide flange beams) are commonly used for columns in high-rise buildings because they provide excellent strength and stability under compression, helping to support the vertical load of the building.
What is the primary purpose of shear connectors in composite steel-concrete beams?
A Strengthen columns
B Transfer shear forces
C Prevent cracking
D Distribute weight
Shear connectors are used in composite beams to transfer shear forces between the steel and concrete components. This ensures that both materials act together, enhancing the overall strength and load-bearing capacity of the beam.
What is the purpose of bracing in steel frames?
A Increase strength
B Provide aesthetic appeal
C Distribute loads
D Resist lateral forces
Bracing in steel frames is used to resist lateral forces caused by wind, seismic activity, or other dynamic loads. It prevents the frame from swaying or collapsing by providing additional lateral support.
What is a common cause of failure in steel beams under dynamic loading conditions?
A Overloading
B Excessive deflection
C Fatigue
D Corrosion
Steel beams subjected to repeated loading cycles can fail due to fatigue, which causes cracks to develop over time. This is especially important in structures like bridges or crane girders that experience fluctuating loads.