What is the primary material used in steel structures?
A Timber
B Steel
C Aluminum
D Concrete
Steel is the primary material used in steel structures due to its high strength-to-weight ratio, durability, and ability to withstand heavy loads. It is widely used in construction for beams, columns, and other structural components.
Which of the following is a common grade of structural steel?
A Grade 40
B Grade 80
C Grade 20
D Grade 60
Grade 40 is a common grade of structural steel, often used in construction. It has a yield strength of 40,000 psi (pounds per square inch) and is suitable for general structural applications. Higher grades like Grade 60 are used for more demanding conditions.
What is the main purpose of tension members in steel structures?
A Resist torsion
B Resist compression
C Resist tensile forces
D Resist bending
Tension members are designed to resist axial tensile forces. Examples include tie rods, cables, and bracing elements. They are crucial in trusses and bridges, where they help maintain structural stability by transferring tensile loads.
Which type of connection is permanent and cannot be disassembled?
A Bolted
B Screwed
C Riveted
D Welded
Welded connections are permanent and cannot be disassembled without destroying the joint. They provide a continuous load path and are often used in steel structures for their strength and rigidity.
What is the primary function of a gantry girder?
A Support crane loads
B Support floor loads
C Support wind loads
D Support roof loads
Gantry girders are designed to support crane loads in industrial buildings. They are typically subjected to heavy vertical and horizontal forces due to the movement of cranes and must be designed to withstand these dynamic loads.
Which phenomenon causes a steel member to fail under compressive stress?
A Shear
B Buckling
C Torsion
D Fatigue
Buckling is the sudden lateral or torsional failure of a structural member under compressive stress. It occurs when the load exceeds the critical buckling load, causing the member to deform and lose stability.
What is the purpose of fireproofing in steel structures?
A Prevent corrosion
B Increase load capacity
C Improve fire resistance
D Enhance aesthetics
Fireproofing is applied to steel structures to improve their fire resistance. Steel loses strength at high temperatures, and fireproofing materials like intumescent coatings or concrete encasement protect the steel from heat, ensuring structural integrity during a fire.
Which of the following is a type of built-up section in steel structures?
A Box section
B Channel section
C I-section
D Angle section
A box section is a built-up section formed by welding or bolting multiple steel plates together. Built-up sections are used when standard rolled sections are insufficient to meet design requirements.
What is the primary advantage of composite structures?
A Reduced cost
B Improved aesthetics
C Faster construction
D Increased strength and stiffness
Composite structures combine steel and concrete to utilize the strengths of both materials. The steel provides tensile strength, while the concrete offers compressive strength, resulting in a structure with enhanced load-bearing capacity and stiffness.
Which of the following is a common method to prevent corrosion in steel structures?
A Bolting
B Painting
C Riveting
D Welding
Painting is a common method to prevent corrosion in steel structures. Protective coatings like paint or galvanizing create a barrier between the steel and the environment, preventing moisture and oxygen from causing rust.
What is the primary purpose of a roof truss in steel structures?
A Support wall loads
B Support foundation loads
C Support roof loads
D Support floor loads
Roof trusses are designed to support roof loads and transfer them to the supporting walls or columns. They are lightweight, economical, and efficient in spanning large distances.
Which of the following is a common type of buckling that occurs when a beam twists and bends simultaneously?
A Lateral torsional buckling
B Global buckling
C Flexural buckling
D Local buckling
Lateral torsional buckling occurs when a beam subjected to bending moments twists and bends simultaneously. It is a critical failure mode in long, slender beams and must be considered in design.
What is the primary purpose of prestressed steel?
A Increase ductility
B Improve load-carrying capacity
C Enhance aesthetics
D Reduce weight
Prestressed steel is used to improve the load-carrying capacity of structures by introducing internal stresses that counteract external loads. This technique is commonly used in bridges and long-span structures.
Which of the following is a common cold-formed steel section?
A H-section
B I-beam
C C-section
D Box section
C-sections are common cold-formed steel sections, produced by bending thin steel sheets at room temperature. They are lightweight and widely used in lightweight framing and purlins.
What is the primary purpose of fatigue analysis in steel structures?
A Evaluate dynamic load effects
B Assess static load capacity
C Measure corrosion rate
D Determine fire resistance
Fatigue analysis evaluates the effects of repeated or fluctuating loads on steel structures. It helps predict the lifespan of components subjected to cyclic loading, such as bridges and crane girders, and ensures their safety and durability.