What does the time-domain representation of a signal show?
A Amplitude
B Duration
C Frequency
D Waveform
The time-domain representation of a signal shows how the signal’s amplitude varies over time. This representation helps in analyzing the signal’s behavior at any given point, such as identifying peaks, troughs, and signal trends.
What is the Fourier transform used for in signal processing?
A Frequency
B Time
C Decomposition
D Filter
The Fourier transform is used to decompose a signal into its constituent frequencies. By converting a time-domain signal into the frequency domain, it allows engineers to analyze the signal’s frequency content and perform tasks like filtering and modulation.
What does the Laplace transform help with in system theory?
A Reconstruction
B Decomposition
C Sampling
D Stability
The Laplace transform is primarily used in system theory to analyze the stability of linear time-invariant systems. It transforms complex differential equations into algebraic equations in the s-domain, making the system’s behavior easier to analyze and solve.
What is the primary function of a low-pass filter?
A Isolate
B Remove
C Amplify
D Pass
A low-pass filter removes high-frequency components from a signal while allowing low frequencies to pass through. It is commonly used to filter out noise and maintain the integrity of lower-frequency signals, such as in audio processing.
Which of the following describes a discrete-time signal?
A Sampled
B Continuous
C Analog
D Periodic
A discrete-time signal is one that has been sampled at specific intervals of time. Unlike continuous-time signals, discrete signals are represented by distinct values at particular points, making them suitable for digital processing and storage.
What is a system’s impulse response?
A Input
B Noise
C Output
D Delay
The impulse response of a system is the output produced when the system is given a unit impulse (Dirac delta function) as input. It characterizes how the system responds to any input and is essential in the analysis of linear time-invariant systems.
What does the Nyquist theorem specify?
A Reconstruction
B Aliasing
C Noise
D Sampling
The Nyquist theorem states that a continuous-time signal must be sampled at least twice the highest frequency present in the signal to avoid aliasing and ensure accurate reconstruction of the signal in the digital domain.
What type of system’s output only depends on the current and past inputs?
A Time-invariant
B Causal
C Memoryless
D Linear
A causal system is one where the output at any given time depends only on the present and past inputs, never on future inputs. This makes causal systems physically realizable and suitable for real-time applications.
What is the Z-transform used for?
A Sampling
B Signal
C Analysis
D Conversion
The Z-transform is used to analyze discrete-time signals by converting them from the time domain into the z-domain. It is useful for solving difference equations and analyzing system stability and behavior in discrete systems.
What is the frequency spectrum of a signal?
A Range
B Amplitude
C Noise
D Power
The frequency spectrum represents the range of frequencies that a signal occupies. It shows how the signal’s power is distributed across different frequencies, and it is essential for tasks like filtering, modulation, and communication system design.
What is the purpose of signal modulation?
A Encoding
B Transmission
C Reconstruction
D Sampling
Signal modulation is the process of varying a carrier signal’s properties (amplitude, frequency, or phase) to encode information. This allows signals to be transmitted over longer distances and reduces the risk of interference from other signals.
What is a characteristic of linear systems?
A Random
B Unstable
C Predictable
D Non-linear
Linear systems obey the principle of superposition, meaning that their output is a direct combination of the inputs. This makes them predictable and manageable, allowing for the design of stable and reliable systems.
What is the primary goal of the Fourier series?
A Compression
B Reconstruction
C Modulation
D Decomposition
The Fourier series decomposes a periodic signal into a sum of sines and cosines. This decomposition enables engineers to analyze the frequency components of a signal, which is critical for applications like filtering and signal analysis.
What is the primary effect of noise in a signal?
A Reconstruction
B Distortion
C Amplification
D Modulation
Noise introduces unwanted random fluctuations into a signal, which can distort the original information. This affects the quality of the signal and is often mitigated using noise reduction techniques in communication and signal processing systems.
What does signal reconstruction refer to?
A Analysis
B Filtering
C Reconstruction
D Sampling
Signal reconstruction involves recreating the original continuous-time signal from its discrete-time samples. This process is crucial for converting digital signals back to their analog form, using techniques like interpolation to ensure accurate representation.