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Electrical Engineering
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601.
What is the Thomson effect, and how does it influence thermal measurement?
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602.
How does temperature compensation work in strain gauges?
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603.
What are the applications of piezoelectric sensors in industry?
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604.
Explain how a pyrometer measures temperature.
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605.
What materials are used in piezoelectric transducers?
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606.
What are the advantages of piezoelectric transducers?
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607.
How does a piezoelectric sensor work?
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608.
What is the Peltier effect, and how is it used in temperature measurement?
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609.
Explain the working of a thermopile.
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610.
What is the Seebeck effect, and how does it relate to thermocouples?
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611.
Explain the importance of transient and steady-state response in measurements.
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612.
How does a Bode plot help in analyzing dynamic characteristics?
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613.
What is meant by phase lag and phase lead in instrumentation?
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614.
Explain the concept of a step response in an electrical system.
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615.
What is a frequency response curve, and why is it important?
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616.
What is the difference between over-damped and under-damped systems?
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617.
How does damping affect the response of a measuring instrument?
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618.
What is the significance of a first-order system in dynamic response?
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619.
Define and explain the term “time constant” in measurements.
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620.
What are dynamic characteristics of an instrument?
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621.
Explain the role of a standard cell in voltage measurement.
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622.
What are the sources of calibration errors?
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623.
How does a dead weight tester help in calibration?
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624.
What is the importance of ISO 17025 in calibration?
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625.
How is calibration traceability ensured?
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626.
What are the different methods of calibration?
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627.
What is the function of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)?
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628.
Explain the difference between primary, secondary, and working standards.
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629.
What are the primary standards used in electrical measurements?
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630.
What is calibration, and why is it necessary?
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631.
How does the resolution of an instrument affect its performance?
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632.
What is percentage error, and how is it calculated?
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633.
Define absolute error and relative error in measurement.
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634.
What is drift in an instrument, and what causes it?
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635.
How does temperature affect the accuracy of electrical measurements?
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636.
What is parallax error, and how can it be avoided?
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637.
Explain the concept of hysteresis error in measurements.
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638.
What is the least count of an instrument, and why is it important?
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639.
How can the accuracy of an instrument be improved?
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640.
What is the difference between systematic and random errors?
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641.
Why should a CT never be operated open-circuited?
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642.
How is the transformation ratio calculated in a PT?
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643.
What is the purpose of a core-balance CT?
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644.
How does a protection CT differ from a metering CT?
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645.
What is the knee point voltage in a CT?
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646.
What is the significance of burden in a CT?
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647.
What are the errors in CTs and PTs, and how are they reduced?
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648.
What are the applications of CTs and PTs in power systems?
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649.
How does a potential transformer (PT) differ from a CT?
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650.
What is a current transformer (CT), and how does it work?
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651.
What is the difference between a digital and analog frequency meter?
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652.
What are the applications of a phase meter?
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653.
What is a frequency meter, and how does it measure frequency?
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654.
How does a digital storage oscilloscope (DSO) work?
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655.
Explain the difference between an oscilloscope and a spectrum analyzer.
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656.
What is the function of a time base circuit in a CRO?
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657.
How does a cathode ray oscilloscope (CRO) display waveforms?
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658.
What is an oscilloscope, and how does it work?
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659.
What are the applications of a Hay bridge?
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660.
How does a digital bridge differ from an analog bridge?
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661.
What is the significance of the damping factor in a galvanometer?
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662.
How is a galvanometer converted into a voltmeter?
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663.
What is a galvanometer, and how does it work?
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664.
What is the purpose of a Schering bridge?
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665.
How does a Maxwell bridge measure inductance?
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666.
What is the difference between an AC and DC bridge?
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667.
How does a Kelvin bridge measure low resistance?
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668.
What is the principle of Wheatstone bridge?
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669.
Explain the difference between serial and parallel data acquisition.
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670.
What is a DAC (Digital to Analog Converter), and where is it used?
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671.
How does a multiplexer help in data acquisition?
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672.
What is the purpose of a sample-and-hold circuit?
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673.
Explain the working of an ADC (Analog to Digital Converter).
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674.
What are the types of data acquisition systems (DAS)?
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675.
What is the function of a filter in signal conditioning?
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676.
How does an instrumentation amplifier work?
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677.
What is an operational amplifier, and how is it used in instrumentation?
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678.
What is signal conditioning, and why is it required?
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679.
Explain the working principle of an RTD (Resistance Temperature Detector).
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680.
What is a thermocouple, and how does it measure temperature?
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681.
How is a strain gauge used for force measurement?
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682.
What are the advantages of a piezoelectric transducer?
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683.
How does a capacitive transducer work?
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684.
Explain the working of an LVDT (Linear Variable Differential Transformer).
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685.
What is the difference between a primary and secondary transducer?
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686.
What is the function of a sensor in instrumentation?
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687.
Explain the difference between active and passive transducers.
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688.
What is a transducer, and how is it classified?
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689.
What is the purpose of a braking system in an energy meter?
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690.
How does a three-phase energy meter work?
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691.
How do smart meters differ from conventional energy meters?
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692.
What is creeping error in energy meters, and how is it eliminated?
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693.
Explain the working of an induction-type energy meter.
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694.
What is the function of a compensating coil in a wattmeter?
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695.
What are the errors in a wattmeter, and how can they be minimized?
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696.
Why does a wattmeter have two coils?
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697.
Explain the working of an electrodynamometer wattmeter.
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698.
What is the principle of operation of a wattmeter?
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699.
How do you check the continuity of a circuit using a multimeter?
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700.
Why is auto-ranging an important feature in digital multimeters?