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1.5
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101.
Why should a CT never be operated open-circuited?
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102.
How is the transformation ratio calculated in a PT?
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103.
What is the purpose of a core-balance CT?
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104.
How does a protection CT differ from a metering CT?
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105.
What is the knee point voltage in a CT?
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106.
What is the significance of burden in a CT?
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107.
What are the errors in CTs and PTs, and how are they reduced?
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108.
What are the applications of CTs and PTs in power systems?
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109.
How does a potential transformer (PT) differ from a CT?
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110.
What is a current transformer (CT), and how does it work?
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111.
What is the difference between a digital and analog frequency meter?
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112.
What are the applications of a phase meter?
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113.
What is a frequency meter, and how does it measure frequency?
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114.
How does a digital storage oscilloscope (DSO) work?
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115.
Explain the difference between an oscilloscope and a spectrum analyzer.
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116.
What is the function of a time base circuit in a CRO?
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117.
How does a cathode ray oscilloscope (CRO) display waveforms?
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118.
What is an oscilloscope, and how does it work?
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119.
What are the applications of a Hay bridge?
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120.
How does a digital bridge differ from an analog bridge?
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121.
What is the significance of the damping factor in a galvanometer?
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122.
How is a galvanometer converted into a voltmeter?
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123.
What is a galvanometer, and how does it work?
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124.
What is the purpose of a Schering bridge?
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125.
How does a Maxwell bridge measure inductance?
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126.
What is the difference between an AC and DC bridge?
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127.
How does a Kelvin bridge measure low resistance?
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128.
What is the principle of Wheatstone bridge?
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129.
Explain the difference between serial and parallel data acquisition.
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130.
What is a DAC (Digital to Analog Converter), and where is it used?
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131.
How does a multiplexer help in data acquisition?
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132.
What is the purpose of a sample-and-hold circuit?
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133.
Explain the working of an ADC (Analog to Digital Converter).
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134.
What are the types of data acquisition systems (DAS)?
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135.
What is the function of a filter in signal conditioning?
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136.
How does an instrumentation amplifier work?
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137.
What is an operational amplifier, and how is it used in instrumentation?
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138.
What is signal conditioning, and why is it required?
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139.
Explain the working principle of an RTD (Resistance Temperature Detector).
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140.
What is a thermocouple, and how does it measure temperature?
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141.
How is a strain gauge used for force measurement?
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142.
What are the advantages of a piezoelectric transducer?
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143.
How does a capacitive transducer work?
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144.
Explain the working of an LVDT (Linear Variable Differential Transformer).
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145.
What is the difference between a primary and secondary transducer?
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146.
What is the function of a sensor in instrumentation?
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147.
Explain the difference between active and passive transducers.
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148.
What is a transducer, and how is it classified?
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149.
What is the purpose of a braking system in an energy meter?
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150.
How does a three-phase energy meter work?
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151.
How do smart meters differ from conventional energy meters?
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152.
What is creeping error in energy meters, and how is it eliminated?
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153.
Explain the working of an induction-type energy meter.
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154.
What is the function of a compensating coil in a wattmeter?
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155.
What are the errors in a wattmeter, and how can they be minimized?
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156.
Why does a wattmeter have two coils?
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157.
Explain the working of an electrodynamometer wattmeter.
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158.
What is the principle of operation of a wattmeter?
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159.
How do you check the continuity of a circuit using a multimeter?
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160.
Why is auto-ranging an important feature in digital multimeters?
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161.
What are common errors in multimeter measurements?
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162.
How do you measure frequency using a multimeter?
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163.
What is the function of a selector switch in a multimeter?
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164.
How is resistance measured using a multimeter?
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165.
What are the advantages of digital multimeters over analog ones?
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166.
Explain the working principle of a digital multimeter (DMM).
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167.
How does an analog multimeter work?
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168.
What is a multimeter, and what are its types?
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169.
Why should a voltmeter have a high resistance?
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170.
Why should an ammeter have a low resistance?
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171.
Explain the working principle of an electrodynamometer ammeter.
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172.
How does a digital voltmeter (DVM) work?
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173.
What is the difference between an AC voltmeter and a DC voltmeter?
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174.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of electronic voltmeters?
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175.
Explain the significance of shunts in ammeters.
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176.
What is the function of a multiplier in a voltmeter?
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177.
How does an ammeter measure current?
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178.
What is the principle of operation of a voltmeter?
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179.
Define creeping error in measuring instruments.
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180.
What is a ballistic galvanometer, and where is it used?
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181.
Explain the term “loading effect” in measuring instruments.
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182.
What is meant by the range of an instrument?
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183.
Why is a damping system required in indicating instruments?
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184.
Describe the working of a moving iron instrument?
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185.
What is a PMMC instrument, and why is it widely used?
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186.
What is the difference between an indicating and recording instrument?
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187.
Explain the working principle of a moving coil instrument?
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188.
Differentiate between analog and digital instruments?
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189.
What is the significance of response time in instrumentation?
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190.
Explain the concept of drift in measurements.
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191.
What are dynamic characteristics of measuring instruments?
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192.
Define the terms repeatability and reproducibility.
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193.
What is a standard, and how does it help in measurement?
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194.
What is meant by calibration, and why is it important?
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195.
Explain the different types of errors in measurement?
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196.
Define sensitivity and its significance in measurement?
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197.
What is the difference between accuracy, precision, and resolution?
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198.
What are the basic requirements of a good measuring instrument?