Short Answer

Biology is called the science of life because it deals with the study of living organisms and their life processes. It helps us understand how plants, animals, humans, and microorganisms live, grow, and survive. Biology focuses only on living beings and their activities.

Biology explains important life processes such as nutrition, respiration, growth, reproduction, and adaptation. It also studies how living organisms interact with each other and with their environment. Since biology studies all aspects of life, it is rightly known as the science of life.

Detailed Explanation :

Biology as the Science of Life

Biology is known as the science of life because its main subject is life itself. The term biology comes from two Greek words: bios meaning life and logos meaning study. This clearly shows that biology is the branch of science that studies life and living organisms. Unlike physics and chemistry, which mainly deal with non-living matter and energy, biology is fully focused on living beings.

Living organisms have special characteristics that make them different from non-living things. These characteristics include growth, movement, respiration, nutrition, excretion, reproduction, sensitivity, and adaptation. Biology studies all these characteristics in detail. For example, biology explains how plants grow, how animals move, how humans breathe, and how living beings respond to their surroundings.

Study of Life Processes

One major reason biology is called the science of life is that it studies life processes. Life processes are the basic activities necessary to maintain life. These include nutrition, respiration, circulation, excretion, growth, and reproduction. Biology explains how these processes occur in different organisms.

For example, biology studies how plants prepare their food through photosynthesis and how animals depend on plants for energy. It explains respiration in humans and animals and how oxygen is used to release energy. These life processes are essential for survival, and biology provides scientific explanations for all of them.

Study of Structure and Organization of Living Beings

Biology also studies the structure and organization of living organisms. Life begins at the cellular level, and the cell is the basic unit of life. Biology explains how cells form tissues, tissues form organs, and organs work together as organ systems to form a complete organism.

In humans, biology explains the structure and function of organs such as the heart, lungs, brain, and stomach. In plants, it explains roots, stems, leaves, and flowers. This detailed study of living structures is another reason biology is called the science of life.

Study of Growth, Reproduction, and Continuity of Life

Biology explains how living organisms grow and reproduce. Growth is a permanent increase in size and complexity, which is seen only in living beings. Biology studies how organisms grow from a single cell into a complete individual.

Reproduction is the process by which living organisms produce new individuals of their own kind. Biology explains different methods of reproduction in plants, animals, and microorganisms. Through reproduction, life continues from one generation to the next. This continuity of life is an important concept studied in biology.

Study of Heredity and Evolution

Biology is also called the science of life because it studies heredity and evolution. Heredity explains how characteristics are passed from parents to offspring through genes. Genetics, a branch of biology, helps us understand inherited traits and genetic diseases.

Evolution explains how life has changed over millions of years. Biology studies how simple organisms slowly developed into complex forms. This helps us understand the diversity of life on Earth and the relationship between different living organisms.

Study of Interaction with Environment

Living organisms do not live alone; they interact with their environment. Biology studies how organisms depend on air, water, soil, and other living beings. Ecology, a branch of biology, explains ecosystems, food chains, and balance in nature.

Biology also helps us understand environmental problems such as pollution, deforestation, and climate change. By studying these interactions, biology helps in protecting life and maintaining ecological balance.

Importance of Biology in Human Life

Biology plays a vital role in human life and health. It helps us understand the human body, diseases, and their treatment. Medical science is based on biological knowledge. Biology helps in developing medicines, vaccines, and medical technologies that save lives.

Biology is also important in agriculture, food production, and conservation of plants and animals. Since biology improves and protects life, it is truly the science of life.

Conclusion

Biology is rightly called the science of life because it studies living organisms and all life processes in a scientific way. It explains the structure, function, growth, reproduction, heredity, evolution, and environmental interactions of living beings. By helping us understand and protect life, biology proves its importance as the true science of life.