Simple Answer:

Active and passive components are the two main types of electrical components used in circuits. Active components can control and amplify electrical signals and require an external power source to operate. Examples include transistors, diodes, and integrated circuits (ICs).

Passive componentsdo not amplify signals and do not need an external power source. They only store or regulate energy. Examples include resistors, capacitors, and inductors. Both active and passive components are essential for building electrical and electronic circuits.

Detailed Explanation:

Electrical and electronic circuits are made up of two types of components: active components and passive components. Both play important roles in circuit design, but they function differently.

What are Active Components?

• Active components are devices that can amplify signals, control current flow, or generate energy.
• These components require an external power source (such as a battery or power supply) to function.
• They are mostly used in electronic circuits to process signals.

Examples of Active Components:

1. Transistors: Used to amplify signals in radios, TVs, and computers.
2. Diodes: Allow current to flow in only one direction (e.g., LED lights).
3. Integrated Circuits (ICs): Small electronic chips that contain multiple transistors and diodes for complex functions.

What are Passive Components?

• Passive components cannot amplify or generate signals.
• They only store, resist, or regulate electrical energy.
• These components do not need an external power source to function.

Examples of Passive Components:

1. Resistors: Control current flow and limit excessive voltage.
2. Capacitors: Store and release electrical energy in circuits.
3. Inductors: Store energy in a magnetic field and regulate current flow.

Key Differences Between Active and Passive Components:

• Energy Requirement: Active components require an external power source, while passive components do not.
• Function: Active components control or amplify signals, while passive components store or regulate energy.
• Examples: Active components include transistors and diodes; passive components include resistors and capacitors.

Applications of Active and Passive Components:

1. Active Components in Electronics:
   • Used in amplifiers, computers, and communication systems.
2. Passive Components in Circuits:
   • Used in power supplies, filters, and timing circuits.

Conclusion:

Active components amplify and control signals, while passive components store or regulate energy. Both types of components are essential in electrical and electronic circuits. Active components need an external power source, while passive components do not. Understanding these components helps in designing efficient and functional electrical systems.