Short Answer:

An electrohydraulic system is a combination of electrical and hydraulic technologies used to control mechanical operations. In this system, electrical signals control hydraulic components like valves and actuators, which perform mechanical work such as lifting, pressing, or rotating. It combines the accuracy of electronics with the power of hydraulics for better performance and efficiency.

Electrohydraulic systems are commonly used in modern industries and machines such as aircraft, robots, and construction equipment. They provide fast response, precise control, and automation capabilities, making them ideal for advanced and complex applications.

Detailed Explanation :

Electrohydraulic system

An electrohydraulic system is an advanced control system that integrates electrical and hydraulic technologies to achieve accurate, efficient, and powerful operation of mechanical equipment. It uses electrical or electronic devices such as sensors, controllers, and solenoids to control hydraulic components like pumps, valves, and actuators. This integration allows precise control of fluid flow, pressure, and direction, improving the overall performance of the machine.

Electrohydraulic systems are widely used in industries, aerospace, mobile equipment, and automation systems due to their ability to combine the high force of hydraulics with the precision of electronics.

1. Basic working principle
   The working principle of an electrohydraulic system is based on the conversion of electrical energy into hydraulic energy and then into mechanical energy. The process starts when an electrical signal is sent from a controller or sensor. This signal activates solenoid-operated valves, which regulate the flow of pressurized hydraulic fluid from the pump to the actuator. The actuator (either a hydraulic cylinder or motor) converts the fluid energy into motion or force to perform the required work.

For example, in an industrial press machine, an electronic control panel sends signals to operate hydraulic valves that move the press ram up or down with accurate speed and pressure control. This precise control ensures consistent product quality and efficient operation.

2. Main components of electrohydraulic system
   An electrohydraulic system generally consists of the following major parts:

• Power supply: Provides electrical energy to operate sensors, solenoids, and control units.
• Hydraulic pump: Converts mechanical energy into hydraulic pressure to drive the system.
• Control valves: Solenoid-operated valves regulate fluid flow and direction based on electrical signals.
• Hydraulic actuators: Cylinders or motors convert hydraulic energy into mechanical motion.
• Electronic control unit (ECU): Processes signals from sensors and controls valve operation.
• Sensors: Measure system parameters like pressure, position, and flow for feedback control.

These components work together in a closed-loop system, ensuring precise and automatic control of operations.

3. Working process in detail
   When an operation command is given, the control unit sends an electrical signal to the solenoid coil in the valve. The solenoid creates a magnetic field, which moves the valve spool to direct the hydraulic fluid to the required actuator. Depending on the type of operation, the actuator moves a piston or rotates a shaft.
   Feedback sensors continuously monitor the position or pressure and send data to the control unit. The controller adjusts the valve position to maintain desired performance. This feedback loop allows automatic and accurate control of the system without manual intervention.
4. Advantages of electrohydraulic system
   Electrohydraulic systems provide several benefits over traditional hydraulic systems:

• High accuracy: Electrical control allows precise positioning and pressure control.
• Fast response: Signals travel quickly through electrical circuits, resulting in rapid system response.
• Automation capability: The system can be programmed for automatic operation.
• Energy efficiency: Optimized valve control reduces energy losses.
• Compact and reliable: Components are smaller and require less manual control compared to mechanical systems.

These advantages make electrohydraulic systems highly suitable for modern, high-performance industrial and mobile equipment.

5. Applications of electrohydraulic systems
   Electrohydraulic systems are used in many industries and machines where precise control and high power are required. Common applications include:

• Aircraft control systems for landing gear and flight surfaces.
• Robotic machinery where accurate positioning is essential.
• Injection molding machines in plastic industries.
• Hydraulic presses and metal forming machines.
• Construction equipment like excavators and cranes.
  These applications benefit from smooth operation, automation, and safety offered by electrohydraulic systems.

6. Limitations
   Although efficient, electrohydraulic systems have some limitations:

• They are costlier than purely hydraulic systems due to electronic components.
• Maintenance requires skilled technicians who understand both electrical and hydraulic systems.
• Sensitivity to electrical faults and contamination in hydraulic fluid can affect performance.
  Despite these limitations, their advantages make them an essential part of modern automated industries.

7. Importance in modern technology
   In today’s automated and computer-controlled environment, electrohydraulic systems have become essential. They are used in CNC machines, robotic arms, aerospace equipment, and automotive manufacturing for precision and efficiency. These systems provide the bridge between mechanical power and digital control, allowing integration with computer-based systems for improved productivity and safety.

Conclusion:

An electrohydraulic system combines electrical and hydraulic technologies to achieve precise and powerful control of mechanical operations. It uses electrical signals to control hydraulic valves and actuators, allowing accurate motion, pressure, and speed control. This combination improves performance, automation, and energy efficiency. Although complex, electrohydraulic systems are vital in modern industries, ensuring accurate, reliable, and high-speed operation in various applications.