An electrical machine is a device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy (motor) or mechanical energy into electrical energy (generator). It works on the principle of electromagnetic induction, where a magnetic field interacts with electric current to produce motion or electricity.
There are two main types of electrical machines:
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Motors – Convert electrical energy into mechanical energy.
- DC Motors: Use direct current to produce rotation.
- Induction Motors: Work on alternating current and are commonly used in industries.
- Synchronous Motors: Operate at a constant speed and require external excitation.
- Stepper Motors: Move in precise steps, commonly used in automation and robotics.
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Generators – Convert mechanical energy into electrical energy.
- DC Generators: Produce direct current.
- AC Generators (Alternators): Generate alternating current, widely used in power plants.
Electrical machines play a vital role in industries, transportation, and daily appliances. Motors are used in fans, pumps, refrigerators, and vehicles, while generators ensure power supply in case of outages.