Short Answer

The Restoration Period (1660–1700) began when the monarchy was restored in England with the return of Charles II. This period is known for a reaction against earlier strict religious rule and for the rise of new forms of literature like comedy and satire.

Literature of this time focused on wit, realism, and social life. Writers used humor and criticism to show the behavior of society, especially in plays known as Restoration comedies.

Detailed Explanation

Restoration Period

Historical Background

The Restoration Period started in 1660 when Charles II returned to the throne after a time of political unrest and Puritan rule. During the earlier period, theatres were closed, and strict moral rules were followed.

With the return of the king, there was a major change in society and culture. Theatres were reopened, and people began to enjoy entertainment again. This created a new environment for literature to grow and develop.

Rise of Comedy of Manners

One of the main features that defines the Restoration Period is the development of the Comedy of Manners. These plays focused on the lifestyle of the upper class and showed their behavior, manners, and relationships.

The plays were full of wit, humor, and satire. They often made fun of social customs and hypocrisy. Writers used clever dialogue and sharp observations to entertain the audience while also criticizing society.

Use of Satire and Wit

Another important feature is the use of satire. Writers used satire to criticize the faults of society, politics, and human behavior. They pointed out weaknesses in a humorous and indirect way.

Wit was also an important part of literature during this time. Writers used clever language and smart ideas to impress the audience. This made the writing lively and engaging.

Realism and Social Themes

Restoration literature focused more on real life and everyday experiences. Writers described the behavior of people, especially those in high society. Themes like love, marriage, betrayal, and social reputation were common.

This focus on realism made literature more relatable. It also showed the changing values of society after the return of the monarchy.

Development of Drama

Drama was the most important form of literature during the Restoration Period. The reopening of theatres led to the growth of plays and performances.

For the first time, women were allowed to act on stage, which was a major change. This added more realism to plays. The drama of this period was lively, entertaining, and often bold in its content.

Influence of French Culture

The Restoration Period was influenced by French culture because Charles II had spent time in France during his exile. As a result, French styles of drama and literature influenced English writers.

This influence can be seen in the structure of plays, use of wit, and focus on social life. It made English literature more refined and polished.

Poetry and Prose

Although drama was dominant, poetry and prose also developed during this time. Writers focused on clarity, balance, and order in their writing.

They preferred simple and direct expression rather than complex or emotional language. This marked a shift from earlier styles of writing.

Conclusion

The Restoration Period is defined by the return of the monarchy, the growth of drama, and the use of wit and satire. Literature became more realistic and focused on social life. This period played an important role in shaping modern English literature.