Short Answer:

The major components of a substation include equipment used to transform, switch, control, and protect electrical power. These components work together to ensure the safe and reliable operation of the power system.

Key parts are power transformers, circuit breakers, isolators, busbars, lightning arresters, current and voltage transformers, relays, and control panels. Each plays a specific role in the proper operation and protection of the substation.

Detailed Explanation:

Major components of a substation

Substations contain various electrical devices designed for voltage transformation, fault isolation, and system protection. Main components include:

1. Power Transformer:
   • Changes voltage levels from high to low or vice versa.
2. Circuit Breaker:
   • Automatically isolates faulted sections by breaking the circuit.
3. Isolator (Disconnect Switch):
   • Used to manually disconnect sections during maintenance.
4. Busbar:
   • A conductor that connects multiple circuits and distributes power.
5. Lightning Arrester:
   • Protects equipment from overvoltage due to lightning.
6. Current Transformer (CT):
   • Measures current and feeds it to relays/meters.
7. Voltage Transformer (VT or PT):
   • Measures voltage levels and steps it down for monitoring.
8. Relays:
   • Detect abnormal conditions and trigger breakers.
9. Control and Relay Panel:
   • Central unit for operation, monitoring, and protection control.

Conclusion:

A substation comprises many key components like transformers, breakers, and measuring devices, all working together to ensure safe power flow. These components are carefully arranged for efficient operation, control, and protection of the electrical system.