Short Answer

The nervous system is divided into two main parts: the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. The central nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord, which control and process all body activities.

The peripheral nervous system includes all the nerves outside the brain and spinal cord. It connects the central nervous system to the rest of the body and helps in sending and receiving information. These divisions work together to control both voluntary and involuntary actions.

Detailed Explanation:

Divisions of the nervous system

Central nervous system

Brain

The brain is the most important organ of the central nervous system. It controls thinking, memory, emotions, and decision-making. It also processes information received from the sense organs and sends instructions to different parts of the body. The brain helps us understand our surroundings and react accordingly.

Spinal cord

The spinal cord is a long, tube-like structure connected to the brain. It carries messages between the brain and the rest of the body. It also controls reflex actions, which are quick and automatic responses. For example, pulling your hand away from a hot object is a reflex controlled by the spinal cord.

Peripheral nervous system

Somatic nervous system

The somatic nervous system controls voluntary actions. These are actions that we do by our own choice, such as walking, writing, and speaking. It sends signals from the brain to muscles and also carries sensory information from the body back to the brain. This system helps us interact with the environment.

Autonomic nervous system

The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary actions. These are automatic activities like heartbeat, breathing, digestion, and blood pressure. It works without conscious effort and keeps the body functioning properly.

Sympathetic nervous system

The sympathetic nervous system prepares the body for stressful or emergency situations. It increases heart rate, speeds up breathing, and provides more energy. This response is known as the “fight or flight” response.

Parasympathetic nervous system

The parasympathetic nervous system helps the body relax and return to normal after stress. It slows down the heart rate, supports digestion, and conserves energy. This is known as the “rest and digest” system.

Conclusion

The nervous system is mainly divided into the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. The central nervous system controls and processes information, while the peripheral nervous system connects it to the rest of the body. Further divisions like somatic and autonomic systems help manage voluntary and involuntary actions. Together, they ensure proper coordination and functioning of the body.