What are carbohydrates?

Short Answer

Carbohydrates are organic biomolecules that mainly provide energy to living organisms. They are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Carbohydrates are found in foods like rice, wheat, fruits, potatoes, and sugar. They are the main source of energy for the body and help in daily activities.

Carbohydrates also play an important role in plants and animals. In plants, they store energy and provide structure, while in animals they help in energy supply and proper functioning of cells. Without carbohydrates, the body feels weak and tired.

Detailed Explanation :

Meaning of Carbohydrates

  • Definition
    • Carbohydrates are biomolecules that supply energy to living organisms.
    • They are one of the most important nutrients in our diet.
    • The word carbohydrate means “hydrated carbon”.
  • Chemical composition
    • Carbohydrates are made of three elements.
    • Carbon forms the backbone of the molecule.
    • Hydrogen and oxygen are present in the ratio of 2:1, like water.
  • Presence in living organisms
    • Carbohydrates are present in both plants and animals.
    • Plants prepare carbohydrates during photosynthesis.
    • Animals obtain carbohydrates by eating plant-based foods.
  • Basic role
    • The main role of carbohydrates is to provide energy.
    • They are easily broken down to release energy.
    • Energy from carbohydrates is needed for movement, growth, and metabolism.

Types and Functions of Carbohydrates

  • Simple carbohydrates
    • Simple carbohydrates are also called sugars.
    • They are small and easy to digest.
    • Examples include glucose, fructose, and sucrose.
    • Glucose is the main energy source for cells.
    • Fructose is found in fruits.
    • Sucrose is common table sugar.
  • Functions of simple carbohydrates
    • They provide quick energy to the body.
    • They are absorbed rapidly into the blood.
    • They are important during physical activity and brain work.
  • Complex carbohydrates
    • Complex carbohydrates are made of many sugar units.
    • They take more time to digest.
    • Examples include starch, glycogen, and cellulose.
  • Starch
    • Starch is the storage carbohydrate in plants.
    • It is found in rice, wheat, potatoes, and maize.
    • Starch provides energy when broken down into glucose.
  • Glycogen
    • Glycogen is the storage carbohydrate in animals.
    • It is stored in liver and muscles.
    • Glycogen helps maintain blood sugar level.
    • It provides energy during fasting or exercise.
  • Cellulose
    • Cellulose is a structural carbohydrate.
    • It forms the cell wall of plants.
    • Humans cannot digest cellulose.
    • It acts as dietary fiber.
    • Fiber helps in digestion and bowel movement.
  • Functions of carbohydrates
    • Provide energy for respiration.
    • Help in proper functioning of the brain.
    • Prevent breakdown of proteins for energy.
    • Support digestion through dietary fiber.
    • Maintain blood glucose level.
  • Importance in plants
    • Carbohydrates are produced by photosynthesis.
    • They store energy in the form of starch.
    • They give strength and structure to plants.
    • Cellulose supports plant cell walls.
  • Importance in animals and humans
    • Carbohydrates are the main energy source.
    • They support muscle activity.
    • They help in proper digestion.
    • They are essential for nervous system function.
  • Carbohydrates and health
    • A balanced diet must include carbohydrates.
    • Excess carbohydrates may cause obesity.
    • Deficiency of carbohydrates causes weakness and fatigue.
    • Fiber-rich carbohydrates improve digestive health.
  • Daily sources of carbohydrates
    • Cereals like rice and wheat.
    • Fruits and vegetables.
    • Milk and milk products.
    • Sugar and honey.
Conclusion

Carbohydrates are essential biomolecules that provide energy to living organisms. They are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and are found in many common foods. Simple carbohydrates give quick energy, while complex carbohydrates provide long-lasting energy and support digestion. In plants, carbohydrates store energy and give structure, while in animals they support daily life activities. A proper intake of carbohydrates is necessary for good health and normal body functioning.