Short Answer

Biomolecules are organic molecules found in living organisms. They are essential for the structure, growth, and proper functioning of all living cells. These molecules are mainly made of elements like carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur. Biomolecules help in building body parts and carrying out life activities.

Biomolecules include carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Each type of biomolecule has a specific role such as providing energy, building tissues, controlling chemical reactions, and storing genetic information. Without biomolecules, life processes cannot take place.

Detailed Explanation :

Meaning of Biomolecules

• Definition
  • Biomolecules are chemical substances that occur naturally in living organisms.
  • They are responsible for maintaining life and supporting all biological activities.
• Basic Nature
  • Biomolecules are mostly organic compounds.
  • They contain carbon as the main element.
  • These molecules are present inside cells and take part in life processes.
• Importance in Living Organisms
  • Biomolecules form the basic structure of cells.
  • They provide energy needed for survival.
  • They help in growth, repair, and regulation of body functions.
  • They carry genetic information from one generation to another.
• Elements Found in Biomolecules
  • Carbon gives the basic framework.
  • Hydrogen and oxygen help in energy-related reactions.
  • Nitrogen is important for proteins and nucleic acids.
  • Phosphorus is important for energy transfer.
  • Sulfur is found in some proteins.

Types of Biomolecules

• Carbohydrates
  • Carbohydrates are energy-giving biomolecules.
  • They are mainly made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
  • Examples include glucose, starch, and cellulose.
  • Glucose provides instant energy to cells.
  • Starch stores energy in plants.
  • Cellulose forms the cell wall of plants.
  • Carbohydrates are important for respiration and metabolism.
• Proteins
  • Proteins are building biomolecules of the body.
  • They are made of amino acids.
  • Proteins contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur.
  • They help in growth and repair of tissues.
  • Enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions.
  • Hormones like insulin are also proteins.
  • Proteins help in defense as antibodies.
• Lipids
  • Lipids include fats and oils.
  • They are insoluble in water.
  • Lipids store a large amount of energy.
  • They provide insulation and protection to organs.
  • Fats help in maintaining body temperature.
  • Lipids form cell membranes.
  • Examples include butter, oil, and wax.
• Nucleic Acids
  • Nucleic acids store and transfer genetic information.
  • They include DNA and RNA.
  • DNA carries hereditary information.
  • RNA helps in protein synthesis.
  • Nucleic acids are made of nucleotides.
  • They control cell activities and inheritance.
• Role of Biomolecules in Life Processes
  • Biomolecules help in digestion and respiration.
  • They control metabolism and growth.
  • They help cells to communicate.
  • They maintain structure and shape of cells.
  • They ensure continuity of life through reproduction.
• Biomolecules and Cells
  • All cells are made of biomolecules.
  • Cell membranes are made of lipids and proteins.
  • Cytoplasm contains enzymes and other biomolecules.
  • Nucleus contains nucleic acids.
• Importance in Daily Life
  • Food provides biomolecules to our body.
  • Balanced diet supplies all types of biomolecules.
  • Lack of biomolecules causes diseases.
  • Proteins deficiency leads to weak muscles.
  • Carbohydrate deficiency causes low energy.

Conclusion

Biomolecules are the foundation of life. They are present in all living organisms and are essential for survival. Carbohydrates provide energy, proteins build and repair the body, lipids store energy and protect organs, and nucleic acids control genetic information. Every life process depends on biomolecules. Understanding biomolecules helps us understand how living organisms grow, function, and reproduce. Without biomolecules, life cannot exist.