Questions

7101. Explain the concept of a step response in an electrical system.
7102. What is a frequency response curve, and why is it important?
7103. What is the difference between over-damped and under-damped systems?
7104. How does damping affect the response of a measuring instrument?
7105. What is the significance of a first-order system in dynamic response?
7106. Define and explain the term “time constant” in measurements.
7107. What are dynamic characteristics of an instrument?
7108. Explain the role of a standard cell in voltage measurement.
7109. What are the sources of calibration errors?
7110. How does a dead weight tester help in calibration?
7111. What is the importance of ISO 17025 in calibration?
7112. How is calibration traceability ensured?
7113. What are the different methods of calibration?
7114. What is the function of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)?
7115. Explain the difference between primary, secondary, and working standards.
7116. What are the primary standards used in electrical measurements?
7117. What is calibration, and why is it necessary?
7118. How does the resolution of an instrument affect its performance?
7119. What is percentage error, and how is it calculated?
7120. Define absolute error and relative error in measurement.
7121. What is drift in an instrument, and what causes it?
7122. How does temperature affect the accuracy of electrical measurements?
7123. What is parallax error, and how can it be avoided?
7124. Explain the concept of hysteresis error in measurements.
7125. What is the least count of an instrument, and why is it important?
7126. How can the accuracy of an instrument be improved?
7127. What is the difference between systematic and random errors?
7128. Why should a CT never be operated open-circuited?
7129. How is the transformation ratio calculated in a PT?
7130. What is the purpose of a core-balance CT?
7131. How does a protection CT differ from a metering CT?
7132. What is the knee point voltage in a CT?
7133. What is the significance of burden in a CT?
7134. What are the errors in CTs and PTs, and how are they reduced?
7135. What are the applications of CTs and PTs in power systems?
7136. How does a potential transformer (PT) differ from a CT?
7137. What is a current transformer (CT), and how does it work?
7138. What is the difference between a digital and analog frequency meter?
7139. What are the applications of a phase meter?
7140. What is a frequency meter, and how does it measure frequency?
7141. How does a digital storage oscilloscope (DSO) work?
7142. Explain the difference between an oscilloscope and a spectrum analyzer.
7143. What is the function of a time base circuit in a CRO?
7144. How does a cathode ray oscilloscope (CRO) display waveforms?
7145. What is an oscilloscope, and how does it work?
7146. What are the applications of a Hay bridge?
7147. How does a digital bridge differ from an analog bridge?
7148. What is the significance of the damping factor in a galvanometer?
7149. How is a galvanometer converted into a voltmeter?
7150. What is a galvanometer, and how does it work?
7151. What is the purpose of a Schering bridge?
7152. How does a Maxwell bridge measure inductance?
7153. What is the difference between an AC and DC bridge?
7154. How does a Kelvin bridge measure low resistance?
7155. What is the principle of Wheatstone bridge?
7156. Explain the difference between serial and parallel data acquisition.
7157. What is a DAC (Digital to Analog Converter), and where is it used?
7158. How does a multiplexer help in data acquisition?
7159. What is the purpose of a sample-and-hold circuit?
7160. Explain the working of an ADC (Analog to Digital Converter).
7161. What are the types of data acquisition systems (DAS)?
7162. What is the function of a filter in signal conditioning?
7163. How does an instrumentation amplifier work?
7164. What is an operational amplifier, and how is it used in instrumentation?
7165. What is signal conditioning, and why is it required?
7166. Explain the working principle of an RTD (Resistance Temperature Detector).
7167. What is a thermocouple, and how does it measure temperature?
7168. How is a strain gauge used for force measurement?
7169. What are the advantages of a piezoelectric transducer?
7170. How does a capacitive transducer work?
7171. Explain the working of an LVDT (Linear Variable Differential Transformer).
7172. What is the difference between a primary and secondary transducer?
7173. What is the function of a sensor in instrumentation?
7174. Explain the difference between active and passive transducers.
7175. What is a transducer, and how is it classified?
7176. What is the purpose of a braking system in an energy meter?
7177. How does a three-phase energy meter work?
7178. How do smart meters differ from conventional energy meters?
7179. What is creeping error in energy meters, and how is it eliminated?
7180. Explain the working of an induction-type energy meter.
7181. What is the function of a compensating coil in a wattmeter?
7182. What are the errors in a wattmeter, and how can they be minimized?
7183. Why does a wattmeter have two coils?
7184. Explain the working of an electrodynamometer wattmeter.
7185. What is the principle of operation of a wattmeter?
7186. How do you check the continuity of a circuit using a multimeter?
7187. Why is auto-ranging an important feature in digital multimeters?
7188. What are common errors in multimeter measurements?
7189. How do you measure frequency using a multimeter?
7190. What is the function of a selector switch in a multimeter?
7191. How is resistance measured using a multimeter?
7192. What are the advantages of digital multimeters over analog ones?
7193. Explain the working principle of a digital multimeter (DMM).
7194. How does an analog multimeter work?
7195. What is a multimeter, and what are its types?
7196. Why should a voltmeter have a high resistance?
7197. Why should an ammeter have a low resistance?
7198. Explain the working principle of an electrodynamometer ammeter.
7199. How does a digital voltmeter (DVM) work?
7200. What is the difference between an AC voltmeter and a DC voltmeter?

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