Short Answer

The Mughal administrative system in the Mughal Empire was a well-organised structure that helped in ruling a large territory. It was based on a central government headed by the emperor, supported by ministers and officials.

Akbar developed a strong system with provinces, revenue collection, and military organisation like the Mansabdari system. This helped in maintaining law, order, and smooth governance across the empire.

Detailed Explanation

Mughal Administration System

Central Administration

The Mughal administrative system was headed by the emperor, who was the highest authority in the empire. All major decisions were taken by him with the help of important ministers.

The main ministers included the Wazir (finance minister), Mir Bakshi (military head), and other officials who helped in running the administration. The emperor had complete control over the empire, but he depended on these officers for smooth functioning.

This central system helped in maintaining unity and strong control over the vast empire.

Provincial Administration

For better management, the empire was divided into provinces called Subas. Each Suba was governed by a Subedar, who was responsible for law, order, and administration in that region.

Other officers in the province included the Diwan (finance officer), Bakshi (military officer), and Qazi (judicial officer). These officers worked under the central government but had specific responsibilities.

This system helped in effective control of distant regions and reduced confusion in administration.

Mansabdari System

A very important part of Mughal administration was the Mansabdari system. Under this system, officers were given ranks called mansabs.

These ranks decided their salary, position, and military responsibility. Mansabdars had to maintain a fixed number of soldiers and horses. This helped in building a strong and organised army.

The system also ensured discipline and loyalty among officers.

Revenue System

The revenue system was an important part of Mughal administration. Land was the main source of income for the empire.

Raja Todar Mal introduced a proper land revenue system. Land was measured, classified, and taxed based on its productivity.

Farmers paid a fixed share of their produce as tax. This system made revenue collection fair and systematic.

It also helped in increasing the income of the empire and reducing corruption.

Law and Order

The Mughal administration also focused on maintaining law and order. Officials were appointed to ensure peace in towns and villages.

Judicial officers like Qazis handled legal matters based on Islamic law and local customs. The emperor also acted as the final authority in important cases.

Strict punishment was given to those who broke laws, which helped maintain discipline.

Military Organisation

The military was an important part of the administration. The Mansabdari system helped in organising the army.

Soldiers were maintained by mansabdars, and the emperor had direct control over military commanders. This ensured a strong and ready army for wars and defence.

The army helped in expanding and protecting the empire.

Conclusion

The Mughal administrative system was highly organised and efficient. It combined central control, provincial divisions, revenue reforms, and military organisation. This system helped the Mughal Empire function smoothly and remain powerful for many years.