Short Answer
The census method collects data from every unit of the population, while a sample survey collects data from only a selected part of the population. Census gives complete information, whereas a sample survey gives information based on a representative group.
The census method is more accurate but time-consuming and costly. On the other hand, a sample survey is faster and cheaper but may have some errors if the sample is not properly selected.
Detailed Explanation:
Census and Sample Survey Methods
Meaning of Census Method
The census method is a method of data collection in which information is collected from each and every unit of the population. It provides complete and detailed data because no unit is left out. This method is suitable when full accuracy is required and the population size is manageable.
Meaning of Sample Survey Method
A sample survey is a method in which data is collected only from a selected part of the population, known as a sample. This sample represents the entire population. It is used when the population is large and complete data collection is not possible.
Difference between Census and Sample Survey Methods
- Coverage of Population
In the census method, all units of the population are included. In a sample survey, only a small part of the population is selected. - Time Required
The census method takes a long time because data is collected from everyone. A sample survey takes less time as only a few units are studied. - Cost Involved
The census method is expensive because it requires more resources and manpower. A sample survey is less costly and more economical. - Accuracy of Data
The census method provides more accurate and reliable data since it includes all units. A sample survey may have some errors if the sample is not properly chosen. - Suitability
The census method is suitable for small populations or when complete information is required. A sample survey is suitable for large populations where full data collection is difficult. - Effort and Resources
Census requires more effort, planning, and manpower. Sample survey requires fewer resources and is easier to manage. - Detail of Information
Census provides detailed information about every unit. Sample survey provides less detailed information as it studies only a part of the population. - Practical Use
Census is used in national population studies and detailed research. Sample surveys are used in market research, opinion polls, and large-scale studies.
Importance of Both Methods
Use of Census Method
The census method is important when complete and highly accurate data is needed. It is useful for government planning and policy-making.
Use of Sample Survey Method
The sample survey method is important when quick and cost-effective data is required. It helps in making decisions without studying the entire population.
Both methods are useful in statistics, and the choice depends on the situation, time, cost, and purpose of the study.
Conclusion
The census method and sample survey method differ in terms of coverage, time, cost, and accuracy. Census provides complete and accurate data but is costly and time-consuming, while sample survey is faster and economical but may have some errors. Both methods are important and used according to the needs of the study.