What is a key feature of a microkernel operating system?
A Simple and Small
B Large and Complex
C High Performance
D Single Unit
A microkernel operates with a minimal core that handles only essential tasks, such as communication between processes and memory management. Other services, like device drivers, run in user space, making it small and modular.
What is the primary advantage of using a monolithic kernel?
A Easy to Maintain
B Simple Architecture
C Faster Execution
D Modular Design
A monolithic kernel integrates all essential services (e.g., memory management, device drivers) into a single, large codebase. This can improve execution speed as there is less communication overhead between components compared to a microkernel.
Which of the following is an example of an embedded operating system?
A Linux
B Windows
C Android
D RTOS
An RTOS (Real Time Operating System) is designed for embedded systems that require deterministic and time sensitive responses, such as in medical devices, automotive systems, and robotics, where delay can cause failures.
What is the primary function of a hypervisor in virtualization?
A Provide Security
B Execute Multiple OS Instances
C Manage I/O Devices
D Allocate Memory
A hypervisor is responsible for creating and managing virtual machines (VMs) by running multiple operating systems concurrently on a single physical machine. It ensures that each VM has access to the necessary hardware resources.
What is fault tolerance in an operating system?
A Handle Errors Gracefully
B Prevent System Crashes
C Improve Performance
D Detect Intruders
Fault tolerance refers to the ability of an operating system to continue functioning properly even when certain components fail. This is achieved through redundancy, error detection, and recovery mechanisms to maintain system reliability.
What is the main benefit of virtualization in operating systems?
A Increased Performance
B Resource Isolation
C Enhanced Security
D Process Synchronization
Virtualization allows multiple virtual machines (VMs) to run on a single physical machine, providing resource isolation. Each VM operates independently, ensuring that the failure of one VM does not affect others.
Which of the following is a disadvantage of a microkernel design?
A Increased Complexity
B Better Modularity
C Increased Performance
D Slow Performance
Microkernels tend to have slower performance compared to monolithic kernels because communication between user space services and the microkernel can introduce overhead due to message passing and context switching.
Which of the following is true for embedded operating systems?
A Used in General Purpose Systems
B Focus on User Interfaces
C Designed for Dedicated Functions
D Require High System Resources
Embedded operating systems are specifically designed to perform dedicated functions within embedded systems, such as controlling appliances, vehicles, and industrial machines, often with limited hardware resources.
What is the role of a hypervisor in Type 1 virtualization?
A Runs on Bare Metal
B Operates on Host OS
C Provides Memory Management
D Manages Network Traffic
Type 1 hypervisors, also known as “bare metal” hypervisors, run directly on the physical hardware (bare metal) and do not require a host operating system. They manage virtual machines and allocate resources directly.
Which type of kernel architecture is commonly used in embedded systems?
A Hybrid Kernel
B Nanokernel
C Monolithic Kernel
D Microkernel
Microkernel architecture is commonly used in embedded systems because it provides a minimalistic design, ensuring faster boot times and efficient use of limited system resources, which is crucial for devices like medical equipment and IoT devices.
What is the function of process isolation in an operating system?
A Enable Task Scheduling
B Prevent Unauthorized Access
C Improve Execution Speed
D Manage System Resources
Process isolation ensures that each process operates independently, with its own allocated memory and resources. This prevents one process from accessing or modifying the memory of another, ensuring system security and stability.
What is the key difference between Type 1 and Type 2 hypervisors in virtualization?
A Performance
B Resource Allocation
C Operating System Requirement
D Network Security
Type 1 hypervisors run directly on the hardware (bare metal), while Type 2 hypervisors run on top of an existing operating system. Type 1 hypervisors are more efficient and widely used in data centers and cloud environments.
What is the role of a system call in an operating system?
A Request System Services
B Perform Task Scheduling
C Manage Memory
D Control Device Drivers
A system call is an interface used by programs to request services from the operating system. It allows user space applications to interact with the kernel to perform operations like file management, memory allocation, and process control.
What is the primary advantage of a monolithic kernel over a microkernel?
A Easier Maintenance
B Modularity
C Faster Performance
D Better Fault Tolerance
A monolithic kernel integrates all core services, such as memory management, device drivers, and file systems, into one large kernel, improving performance by reducing communication overhead between components compared to a microkernel.
Which of the following is a benefit of fault tolerance in virtualized systems?
A Increased Network Speed
B Better User Interface
C Reduced System Downtime
D Improved Security
Fault tolerance in virtualized systems ensures that even if a hardware failure occurs, virtual machines can continue running on other hosts. This helps minimize system downtime, ensuring business continuity and data availability.