Hydraulics and Hydraulic Machines MCQs (Part-1)

What is the main function of a pump?

A To increase velocity
B To move liquids or gases
C To regulate temperature
D To decrease pressure

What does a centrifugal pump use to move fluids?

A Centrifugal force
B Kinetic energy
C Gravity
D Hydraulic pressure

Which of the following turbines is best suited for high-head, low-flow applications?

A Kaplan turbine
B Francis turbine
C Turgo turbine
D Pelton wheel

What type of turbine is most commonly used in hydroelectric power plants?

A Kaplan turbine
B Pelton wheel
C Francis turbine
D Impulse turbine

What is a “hydraulic jump”?

A A sudden decrease in water velocity
B A sudden drop in water pressure
C A rapid increase in water velocity
D A sudden increase in water pressure

What is the main purpose of a surge tank in a hydraulic system?

A To control turbine speed
B To regulate pressure
C To measure flow
D To store water

What does the term “cavitation” refer to in a hydraulic system?

A Air bubbles forming in the fluid
B Sudden temperature rise
C Excessive water flow
D High pressure in the system

In a reaction turbine, the water flow direction is:

A Vertical
B Radial
C Axial
D Tangential

What is the term for the loss of energy in a pipe due to friction?

A Velocity loss
B Head loss
C Pressure loss
D Turbulence loss

What is the purpose of a spillway in a dam?

A To release excess water
B To generate power
C To filter water
D To regulate flow into turbines

What is the main function of a hydraulic gate?

A To store water
B To increase water speed
C To measure flow rate
D To regulate water levels

Which of the following is a primary cause of water hammer in pipes?

A Sudden closure of a valve
B Excessive pressure
C Low fluid velocity
D High fluid temperature

Which of the following is true about jet propulsion in hydraulic systems?

A It is based on static fluid pressure
B It involves the conversion of chemical energy
C It uses high-velocity fluid to generate thrust
D It is used only in turbines

What is the specific speed of a pump or turbine?

A The speed at which the fluid moves through the system
B A dimensionless number that describes performance characteristics
C A measure of the pump’s efficiency
D The speed at which the turbine rotates

What is the role of flow measurement in hydraulic systems?

A To measure the amount of fluid passing through a section
B To monitor the efficiency of the system
C To determine water pressure
D To estimate power generation