What is the primary purpose of geophysical surveys in construction?
A To measure rock density
B To analyze groundwater flow
C To detect subsurface anomalies
D To map surface topography
Geophysical surveys are used to detect subsurface anomalies such as voids, faults, and variations in soil or rock composition. This helps identify potential issues that could affect construction projects. These surveys are essential in site investigation and planning.
Which type of rock is most commonly used as a construction material?
A Granite
B Shale
C Limestone
D Basalt
Granite is widely used as a construction material due to its strength, durability, and resistance to weathering. It is used for countertops, flooring, and building facades. Shale and limestone are used in other contexts, but granite is the most common for heavy-duty construction.
What is the main component of concrete?
A Sand
B Gravel
C Water
D Cement
Cement is the primary binding agent in concrete. It reacts with water to form a strong, solid material that holds aggregates like sand and gravel together. Water and aggregates are mixed with cement to form concrete, which is then used in construction.
What geophysical method uses seismic waves to explore subsurface conditions?
A Electrical resistivity
B Seismic reflection
C Ground-penetrating radar
D Magnetometry
Seismic reflection uses seismic waves to analyze subsurface layers. These waves reflect off different materials, providing information about the geological formations beneath the surface. It is commonly used in oil and gas exploration and geotechnical investigations.
What is the main factor that determines the permeability of soil?
A Particle size
B Moisture content
C Organic content
D Soil color
Particle size is the main factor determining soil permeability. Larger particles, such as gravel, have high permeability and allow water to flow through easily, while smaller particles, like clay, have low permeability and impede water movement.
What is the purpose of conducting a core sampling in geotechnical investigations?
A To analyze mineral composition
B To determine soil strength
C To detect seismic activity
D To study groundwater contamination
Core sampling involves drilling into the ground to collect soil or rock samples, which are analyzed to determine their strength, composition, and suitability for construction. This is crucial for understanding the support capacity of the subsurface.
What is the term for the movement of groundwater through the soil?
A Evaporation
B Precipitation
C Infiltration
D Condensation
Infiltration is the process by which water enters the soil and moves through the pores between soil particles. This process is crucial for replenishing groundwater supplies. Percolation refers to the downward movement of water through the soil layers, which follows infiltration.
Which material is commonly used as an aggregate in concrete?
A Sand
B Granite
C Clay
D Marble
Sand is commonly used as an aggregate in concrete due to its appropriate size and ability to create a smooth mixture. Other aggregates like gravel or crushed stone can also be used, but sand is essential for achieving the desired consistency in concrete.
What type of rock is primarily used in the construction of tunnels?
A Limestone
B Shale
C Granite
D Sandstone
Granite is commonly used in tunnel construction due to its strength and durability. It can withstand significant pressure and is less prone to weathering, making it ideal for long-term structural integrity. Other rocks like sandstone may be used but are less stable.
What type of soil is typically most suitable for the foundation of buildings?
A Loam
B Clay
C Sand
D Gravel
Loam is a well-balanced mixture of sand, silt, and clay, offering good drainage and load-bearing capacity. It provides stability for building foundations. Clay can be prone to swelling, and sand or gravel often lacks cohesion.
What does the term “rock mechanics” refer to?
A Study of rock formations
B Study of mineral composition
C Study of rock strength and behavior under stress
D Study of rock weathering
Rock mechanics is the study of how rocks respond to stress and strain under various conditions. This includes analyzing the strength, stability, and deformation of rocks, which is crucial for designing tunnels, dams, and other structures built into rock.
What type of rock is formed by the cooling and crystallization of magma?
A Sedimentary
B Igneous
C Metamorphic
D Organic
Igneous rocks form from the cooling and crystallization of magma or lava. Examples include granite and basalt. These rocks are typically hard and durable, making them ideal for use in construction, particularly in road materials and building foundations.
What is the term used to describe the process of rock formation from accumulated sediment?
A Lithification
B Metamorphism
C Crystallization
D Erosion
Lithification is the process through which sediments become solid rock over time due to compaction and cementation. This process is common in the formation of sedimentary rocks like sandstone and limestone. Metamorphism involves heat and pressure, while crystallization is part of igneous rock formation.
What is the primary use of remote sensing in geology?
A To analyze mineral composition
B To assess soil strength
C To measure water flow
D To map geological features from a distance
Remote sensing involves using satellite or aerial imagery to map geological features without direct contact. This method is effective for analyzing large areas, detecting faults, and monitoring changes in landforms. It is widely used in geological surveys and environmental monitoring.
What is the purpose of a dam in geological engineering?
A To provide a source of geothermal energy
B To extract minerals
C To store and control water flow
D To monitor soil stability
A dam is a structural barrier built across a river or watercourse to store water and control its flow. It serves multiple purposes, including hydroelectric power generation, irrigation, flood control, and water supply. Dams are vital for managing water resources in many regions.