Environmental Science and Sustainability MCQs (Part-1)

What is the primary source of energy in an ecosystem?

A Sun
B Water
C Soil
D Air

Which of the following is a greenhouse gas?

A Oxygen
B Nitrogen
C Carbon dioxide
D Argon

What is the main cause of soil erosion?

A Wind
B Water
C Deforestation
D All of the above

Which of the following is a renewable energy source?

A Coal
B Natural gas
C Solar power
D Petroleum

What is the primary goal of sustainable development?

A Economic growth only
B Environmental protection only
C Balancing economic growth, social equity, and environmental protection
D Increasing population growth

Which layer of the atmosphere protects Earth from harmful UV radiation?

A Troposphere
B Stratosphere
C Mesosphere
D Thermosphere

What is the main cause of water pollution?

A Industrial waste
B Agricultural runoff
C Sewage discharge
D All of the above

Which of the following is an example of solid waste management?

A Recycling
B Composting
C Landfilling
D All of the above

What is the primary cause of global warming?

A Volcanic eruptions
B Increased greenhouse gas emissions
C Solar flares
D Earth’s natural cycles

Which of the following is a clean energy source?

A Wind energy
B Coal energy
C Nuclear energy
D Diesel energy

What is the purpose of an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)?

A To predict environmental effects of a project
B To increase project costs
C To delay project approvals
D To ignore environmental concerns

Which of the following is a major cause of deforestation?

A Urbanization
B Agriculture
C Logging
D All of the above

What is the primary goal of organic farming?

A To use synthetic fertilizers
B To avoid chemical pesticides and fertilizers
C To increase crop yield at any cost
D To rely on genetically modified organisms

What is the main purpose of waste recycling?

A To reduce landfill use
B To conserve resources
C To reduce pollution
D All of the above

Which of the following is a key principle of green building design?

A Maximizing energy consumption
B Using non-renewable materials
C Minimizing environmental impact
D Ignoring water efficiency